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  • Chemistry  (3)
  • compliance  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Arterial–Pulse Oximetry Loops: A New Method of Monitoring Vascular Tone (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 13 (1997), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Schlagwort(e): Equipment ; pulse oximeter ; plethysmograph ; compliance ; vascular resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective. We report the off-line calculation of the vascular complianceof the finger and suggest the continuous on-line use of this methodology asan aid to monitoring the peripheral vascular resistance. This method consistsof the simultaneous analysis of the waveform signals from the pulse oximetermonitors and the arterial pressure as indicators of “volume” andpressure respectively to continuously calculate the vascular“compliance” (volume change per unit pressure change). This shouldbe seen as a “relative compliance” as the pulse plethysmographsignal is not calibrated. This new methodology allows for continuousmonitoring of peripheral vascular compliance as a beat-to-beat indicator ofperipheral vascular resistance. The vaso-constrictors, phenylephrine andephedrine, were shown to decrease the compliance as predicted. Methods. Thearterial pressure and pulse oximeter waveforms were obtained during routineanesthetic care. The waveforms were collected with a computer data-acquisitionsystem and then analyzed “off-line” as an indirect indicator oftotal vascular tone. Demographic and clinical information including drugadministration were recorded. Results. A case report is presented using thisnew form of analysis. Vascular compliance changes induced by phenylephrine andephedrine were studied. A dose response curve of peripheral vascularcompliance to phenylephrine was generated from these data. Conclusions. Byplotting the pulse oximeter waveforms versus the arterial waveforms, multiplevolume versus pressure (relative compliance) loops were obtained. Analysis ofthese loops may assist in the monitoring of vascular compliance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007361020825
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water-Soluble imide-amide copolymers. III. Preparation and characterization of poly (acrylamide-co-N,N-diallylaniline) and poly (acrylamide-co-sodium N,N-diallylsulfanilate)Presented at the 72nd Canadian Chemical Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, June 4-8, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of W. M. Leung (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2983-2996 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: N,N-diallylaniline monomer was prepared in good yields, for use in preparation of homopolymer and for copolymerization with acrylamide. Functionalized N,N-diallylaniline monomer, as sodium N,N-diallylsulfanilate, was also prepared in good yields for copolymerization with acrylamide. Both monomers were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR. Poly (N,N-diallylaniline) was obtained by polymerization of a strongly acidic aqueous solution of N,N-diallylaniline initiated with hydrogen peroxide. Spectroscopic data from this homopolymer was used to facilitate spectral assignments of the new copolymers. Copolymers of acrylamide with N,N-diallylamine were prepared at monomer feed ratios of 10, 20, and 30 mol % amine and gave 3.5, 7.4, and 8.9 mol % incorporation, respectively. Similar diallyl monomer incorporation rates were obtained for the copolymerization of sodium N,N-diallylsulfanilate with acrylamide. With 10, 30, and 50 mol % of the sodium salt relative to acrylamide, 3.9, 8.4, and 19.2 mol % incorporation of the diallyl monomer was obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281108
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water-Soluble imide-amide copolymers. I. Preparation and characterization of poly [acrylamide-co-sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide]Presented at the 72nd Canadian Chemical Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, June 4-8, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of Dr. W. M. Leung (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2949-2968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide (SPMI) and its saturated succinimide counterpart were first prepared according to established methods. Hydrolysis experiments on these monomers monitored by 1H-NMR showed that although SPMI monomer was about 15% hydrolyzed in D2O at 23°C in 24 h. Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) succinimide, which is similar in structure to the imide units in the copolymers, was only 1% hydrolyzed after 18 days at 23°C and 29% hydrolyzed after 18 days at 60°C. This indicated that the saturated imide rings in the copolymer might be sufficiently stable to hydrolysis for the copolymers to be useful. However, hydrolysis at high pH demonstrated that the imide rings would be rapidly saponified under alkaline conditions, destroying the structural rigidity that the intact rings might have provided in the copolymer chains. Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide (SPMI) was copolymerized with acrylamide in water at 30°C without cleavage of the imide ring. Water-soluble poly [acrylamide-co-sodium-N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide] (PAMSM) samples containing from 7.4 to 64 mol % imide were prepared. Photoacoustic FTIR and 13C-NMR spectra were used to confirm the structure of the copolymers obtained. Elemental analysis was used to determine the imide content of the copolymers, and from this composition data reactivity ratios were calculated for the two component monomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281106
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water-Soluble imide-amide copolymers. II. Preparation and characterization of poly (acrylamide-co-p-maleimidobenzoic acid)Presented at the 72nd Canadian Chemical Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, June 4-8, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of W. M. Leung (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2969-2982 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The comonomer required, p-maleimidobenzoic acid (MBA) was first prepared in good yield by refinements of published methods. p-Carboxysuccinanilic acid (CSA), and p-succinimidobenzoic acid (SBA), were also prepared to provide models useful for IR and NMR for spectroscopic assignments of the new copolymers. Polymerization of MBA with acrylamide in glacial acetic acid at 60°C gave copolymers with estimated viscosity average molecular weights of 60,000 to 90,000. Yields and viscosity average molecular weights decreased as the MBA to acrylamide monomer feed ratio was increased. The rate of incorporation of MBA into the copolymer rose from 7 to 23% when the mole ratio in the feed was raised from 5 to 20%. Decreasing the initiator concentration increased molecular weights by less than predicted and reduced the yield of copolymer for any given feed ratio of MBA to acrylamide. In all cases about 30-40% of the MBA units in the purified copolymers were hydrolyzed. A change to dimethyl sulfoxide solvent gave good, and poor yields of copolymer at 5 and 10 mol % MBA, respectively, and no copolymer at 20 mol % MBA. Viscosity average molecular weights of the copolymer products prepared in DMSO were somewhat lower than obtained for the copolymers prepared in acetic acid. Polymerization in a DMSO-water mixture gave a negligible yield of polymeric product. Instead, only hydrolysates of MBA precipitated when the coloured polymerization solutions were added to methanol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281107
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