ISSN:
1435-1536
Keywords:
Key words Alkyl maleates ammonium derivatives
;
surfactants
;
1H NMR
;
CMC
;
emulsion polymerization
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
Notes:
Abstract The synthesis of several ammonium derivatives of maleic acid diesters are reported. The starting material is the hemiester of maleic acid, easily obtained from ring opening of the maleic anhydride. The hemiester is submitted to functionalization with an aminated compound, followed by quaternari-zation with the convenient alkylation reagent. Products crystallize easily and yields are generally high. They have been fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and the CMC have been measured. Some of them have been engaged in emulsion polymerization with styrene or methyl methacrylate. Maleates functionalized with quaternary ammonium salts yield polystyrene particle sizes around 30 nm with a narrow size distribution without adding any additional emulsifier.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050046
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