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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Telenomus sphingis an egg parasitoid of Manduca spp. by trichome/2-tridecanone-based host plant resistance in tomato (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lycopersicon hirsutumf glabratum ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Telenomus sphingis ; Manduca sexta ; glandular trichomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The resistance of accession PI 134417 of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Mull to Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Spingidae) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is conditioned by the high densities of 2-tridecanone-containing, glandular trichomes associated with the foliage. In laboratory experiments, rates of parasitism of M. sexta eggs by Telenomus sphingis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) were lower among eggs on PI 134417 foliage than among eggs on foliage of the cultivated tomato L. esculentum Mill. (cv. Better Boy). The latter is characterized by a significantly lower density of type VI glandular trichomes than PI 134417 and an absence of 2-tridecanone. Parasitism by T. sphingis was also reduced among eggs on foliage of the F1 hybrid between PI 134417 and L. esculentum. The hybrid foliage lacks 2-tridecanone but has a density of type VI glandular trichomes that is intermediate between those of PI 134417 and L. esculentum, indicating that elevated densities of type VI glandular trichomes adversely affect T. sphingis. This conclusion was further substantiated by the finding that there were no differences among plant lines in the levels of parasitism of M. sexta eggs when the eggs were on foliage that had been divested of glandular trichomes. In bioassays in which T. sphingis adults or immatures in host eggs were exposed to filter paper treated with 2-tridecanone at rates comparable to those associated with PI 134417 foliage, 2-tridecanone was acutely toxic and caused high levels of mortality. In addition, at high concentrations, 2-tridecanone vapors were repellent to T. sphingis adults. However, when exposed to PI 134417 foliage, few T. sphingis adults were killed. Parasitism of M. sexta eggs was unaffected when the eggs were deposited by moths reared as fifth instar larvae on diet containing 2-tridecanone and/or 2-undecanone at levels comparable to those associated with PI 134417 foliage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177036
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of leaf lamellar-based resistance toLeptinotarsa decemlineata andHeliothis zea in a wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum, PI 134417 (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Heliothis zea ; glandular trichomes ; leaf lamellar-based resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La tomate sauvage,L. hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull, n0 PI134417, présente des lamelles foliaires qui lui confèrent une résistance au doryphore,L. decemlineata Say et àH. zea Bodie. Cette étude a voulu préciser si ces résistances étaient héritées ensemble dans des populations d'hybrides entre PI 134417 et la tomate cultivée,L. esculentum Mill. Des lignées de plantes présentant une gamme de résistance àH. zea ont été sélectionnées à partir d'une population hyrbide. De même, des lignées de plantes ayant une gamme de résistance àL. decemlineata ont été sélectionnées à partir d'un second groupe d'hybrides. Les réactions des 2 insectes aux 2 groupes de plantes ont été estimées. Les résistances àH. zea et àL. decemlineata n'étaient pas corrélées nettement. Certaines lignées sont résistantes aux 2 espèces, mais d'autres ne sont résistantes qu'à une espèce. Ainsi, les résistances à chacune de ces espèces ont probablement des déterminismes génétiques différents. Différentes composantes mécaniques sont vraisemblablement impliquées dans ces résistances, bien qu'il soit possible qu'au moins quelques facteurs aient un rôle important dans le conditionnement de la résistance. La création de cultivars de tomates avec une résistance liée aux lamelles foliaires sera compliquée par le besoin d'une sélection en fonction des réponses aux 2 espèces..
    Notes: Abstract Segregating populations of hybrids of the insect-resistant wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum, C.H. Mull, PI 134417, and the susceptible tomato cultivar ofL. esculentum Mill, ‘Walter’, were screened by bioassays with the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and tomato fruitwormHeliothis zea (Boddie). Plant lines with a range of levels of resistance toH. zea were selected from one group of hybrids; plants with a range of resistance levels toL. decemlineata, from another group. The response of both insect species to both groups of plants was evaluated. Resistance to each of these species is under separate genetic control and apparently involves distinct mechanistic components, although it remains possible that at least some factors are important in conditioning resistance to both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of life history differences of two tachinid parasitoids ofHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on their interactions with glandular trichome/methyl ketone-based insect resistance in tomato (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 499-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasitism ; Archytas marmoratus ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; tomato ; Lycopersicon hirsutum ; glandular trichomes ; Helico-verpa zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; trilevel interaction ; 2-undecanone ; 2-tridecanone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of glandular trichome/methyl ketone (2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone) -based insect resistance in the wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull, accession PI 134417, onArchytas marmoratus (Townsend) andEucelatoria bryani (Sabrosky) (Diptera: Tachinidae), both parasitoids ofHelicoverpa (=Heliothis)zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated in the laboratory.A. marmoratus deposits larvae (planidia) on the foliage of its host's food plant; planidia attach to passing hosts, penetrate the cuticle, and develop in the host pupae.E. bryani larviposits directly into its host; its larvae develop in the host larva.A. marmoratus planidia are killed by glandular trichomes of PI 134417 and also by trichomes of hybrid lines with no methyl ketones. The methyl ketones are toxic to planidia, but at least part of the effect is due to other factors, possibly physical entanglement. Both species can be affected indirectly by methyl ketones in the diet of the host. 2-Undecanone reduces the percentage ofA. marmoratus larvae that reach pupation. This effect is evidently due to premature death and desiccation of the host pupa caused by 2-undecanone. 2-Tridecanone in host diets had no effect onA. marmoratus. InE. bryani, 2-tridecanone in the diet of the host reduced the number of parasitoids yielded by each parasitized host, although not the overall percentage of hosts parasitized. 2-Undecanone in the diet of the host had no effect onE. bryani.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994248
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mortality and inhibition ofHelicoverpa zea Egg parasitism rates byTrichogramma in relation to trichome/methyl ketone-mediated insect resistance ofLycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, accession PI 134417 (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 2381-2395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum ; tomato ; glandular trichomes ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; plant-insect interaction ; 2-tridecanone ; 2-undecanone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The glandular trichome/methyl ketone-mediated insect resistance of the wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum C.H. Mull, accession PI 134417, toManduca sexta (L.) andLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) was shown to affect adverselyTrichogramma pretiosum Riley. AdultT. pretiosum were killed by direct contact with PI 134417 foliage and by exposure to its volatiles. This effect was greatly reduced or eliminated by removing the exudate of the glandular trichomes from the foliage. 2-Tridecanone, a principal consituent of the foliar glandular trichomes of PI 134417, was toxic to adultT. pretiosum at concentrations similar to those associated with PI 134417 foliage. Incubation of parasitizedHelicoverpa (=Heliothis) zea (Boddie) eggs on PI 134417 foliage or 2-tridecanone-treated filter paper significantly reduced the proportion of eggs producing adult parasitoids. Similarly, incubation of parasitizedH. zea eggs on filter paper treated with 2-undecanone, another constituent of the glandular trichomes of PI 134417, caused an increase in the percentage of host eggs containing dead parasitoid pupae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994589
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral response ofTrichogramma pretiosum riley andTelenomus sphingis (Ashmead) to trichome/methyl ketone mediated resistance in tomato (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 543-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum ; glandular trichomes ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Telenomus sphingis ; Scelionidae ; plant-insect interaction ; 2-tridecanone ; 2-undecanone ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of methyl ketone (2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone)/glandular trichome-based resistance to insects ofLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull, PI 134417, on the behavioral responses ofTrichogramma pretiosum Riley andTelenomus sphingis (Ashmead) were observed in the laboratory. ForT. pretiosum, these effects included (1) longer time required by the wasps to cross a leaf disk (diam. 16.3 mm), (2) higher percentage of wasps initiating flight from disks before reaching the edge, and (3) entrapment of wasps in trichome exudates. In tomato genotypes with varying densities of type VI glandular trichomes (3.1–9.2/mm2) but with no methyl ketones in the trichome tips, no such adverse effects were observed. The time taken to cross a disk or initiate flight byT. sphingis, a larger wasp thanT. pretiosum, was not significantly affected on 16.3-mm leaf disks, although the percentage ofT. sphingis initiating flight was directly correlated with trichome density among lines with no ketones. When placed on whole leaflets of plant lines with or without methyl ketones,T. sphingis was entangled by trichome exudates. However, unlikeT. pretiosum, T. sphingis was eventually able to free itself from entanglement. Landing rates byT. sphingis on PI 134417 foliage contained in dialysis tubes were also reduced. Data indicate that suppression of egg parasitism byT. sphingis on resistant foliage is due to both repellent action of its foliar volatiles and reduced searching rates by the parasitoids. Results indicate that a significant portion of the reduction of egg parasitism byT. pretiosum andT. sphingis is attributable to the effects of 2-tridecanone and/or 2-undecanone present in the tips of type VI glandular trichomes on PI 134417 foliage, although the trichomes also adversely affect the wasps even in plant lines without ketones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982125
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