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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 305-307 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dilevalol ; carteolol ; hypertension ; vasodilator properties ; β-blocker ; renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 6 weeks of treatment with dilevalol 100 mg once daily, or carteolol 10 mg once daily, on renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and total renal vascular resistance (TRR) were studied in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension in a randomised cross-over experiment. Both drugs lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures to a similar extent without altering the heart rate. Carteolol non-significantly decreased RBF by 9.2% and GFR by 12.3% without altering. TRR, whereas dilevalol produced a significant reduction in TRR by 13.2% (p〈0.05), a non-significant decrease in RBF by 4.6% and no change in GFR. Neither drug changed plasma osmotic pressure, serum total protein concentration, electrolytes or plasma aldosterone concentration. Plasma renin activity tended to be lower in the dilevalol phase as compared to the carteolol phase. The results suggest that dilevalol may cause a greater decrease in TRR and less reduction in GFR when compared to carteolol in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The difference in the renal effects might be due to the difference in the potency of vasodilatory properties of both drugs at the doses applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nicardipine ; diabetic nephropathy ; calcium antagonist ; hypertension ; renal function ; albuminuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renal effects of oral maintenance doses of nicardipine 60–120 mg/day have been studied in 18 hypertensive patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: 6 with normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate, AER 〈20 μg · min−1, Group A); 6 with incipient nephropathy, (AER 20–200 μg · min−1, Group B); and 6 with overt nephropathy (AER 〉200 μg · min−1, Group C). Treatment for 4 weeks significantly lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and reduced total renal vascular resistance in all three groups. Nicardipine increased renal blood flow significantly in Group C and slightly in Group B, and had no effect in Group A. Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged in all three groups. It significantly reduced AER and the fractional clearance of albumin in Group B, whereas AER in Groups A and C was not altered. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, osmotic pressure, serum total protein and albumin concentrations and haemoglobin A1c level were similar in the control and nicardipine phases in all three groups. The results suggest that nicardipine may preserve renal function whilst having a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and incipient nephropathy, and that the drug may improve renal blood flow in patients with overt nephropathy. The effect of the drug on urinary albumin excretion may deserve further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dilevalol ; hypertension ; labetolol R-R-isomer ; renal function ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of oral dilevalol (an R, R-isomer of labetalol), a new β-adrenoceptor blocker with β2-receptor stimulating and α-recepter blocking properties on blood pressure, renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone have been studied in 15 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension treated with it for 6 weeks. Two patients with apparent treatment failure and one patient who developed muscle pain and cramps, and had an elevated creatine phosphokinase level, were excluded from the study. Dilevalol monotherapy 100 mg once daily for 6 weeks significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Total renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced, and RBF and GFR remained unchanged. Dilevalol significantly decreased PRA. The results suggest that prolonged daily treatment with dilevalol preserves renal function and produces a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The ancillary pharmacological properties of dilevalol rather than PRA suppression may be relevant to its renal effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Renal kallikrein ; urinary kallikrein excretion ; diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; nephropathy ; plasma aldosterone concentration ; plasma renin activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We measured the 24-h excretion of urinary kallikrein in 27 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and in 10 normal control subjects. Mean (± SD) kallikrein excretion in diabetic patients with nephropathy (6.2±2.4 naphthyl units (NU)/day,n=13) was significantly lower than in control subjects (12.8±3.4NU/day,p〈0.01) and in diabetic patients without nephropathy (9.4±3.4NU/day,n=14,p〈0.05). Kallikrein excretion in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (5.1±1.6 NU/day,n=8) was significantly lower (p〈0.05) than in normotensive patients with nephropathy (8.3±2.1 NU/day,n=5). There were no significant differences in kallikrein excretion rate (24-h excretion of urinary kallikrein/24-h creatinine clearance) among control subjects (9.9±4.3 NU/ml), diabetic patients with (9.0±3.2 NU/ml) and without (9.3±3.5 NU/ml) nephropathy. However, kallikrein excretion rate in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (7.7±3.3 NU/ml) was significantly lower (p〈0.05) than in normotensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (11.8 ±2.0 NU/ml,n=10). Respective basal and post-stimulated (with intravenous furosemide 40 mg plus 60 min ambulation) plasma aldosterone concentrations measured in control subjects and in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy were similar and increased to the same extent in the 2 groups (5.5±3.2 versus 5.3±3.2 and 9.3±2.6 versus 10.5±3.4 ng/ml), although the respective plasma renin activity tended to be lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.7±0.6 versus 1.3±0.9 and 1.8±1.8 versus 3.0±2.6 ng−1 · ml−1 · h−1). The results indicate that urinary kallikrein excretion is decreased in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy, and that the decrease might not be attributable to an altered renin-aldosterone system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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