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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic and behavioral effects of selected insecticides on theHeliothis parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes (1989)
    Springer
    BioControl 34 (1989), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Microplitis croceipes ; insecticides ; Hymenoptera ; Heliothis ; parasitoid ; toxicity ; behavior ; Microplitis croceipes ; insecticide ; Hymenoptera ; Heliothis ; parasitoide ; toxicité ; comportement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les insecticides chimiques continuent à jouer le rôle primordial dans la lutte contre les arthropodes ravageurs du coton. Le choix des insecticides qui sont efficaces contre ces ravageurs, tout en permettant la survie des ennemis naturels, est une bonne pratique et une tactique écologique.Microplitis croceipes, important parasitoide d'Heliothis spp., est relativement peu sensible à certains insecticides quand il est exposé aux plantes traitées. Cependant des insecticides même relativement non toxiques provoquent des altérations significatives dans le comportement de vol et de recherche. De telles interférences subléthales avec des comportements clefs impliqués dans le parasitisme illustrent la nécessité de considérer plus que la toxicité directe quand on estime les effets néfastes des insecticides sur les espèces d'insectes utiles.
    Notes: Abstract Toxic and behavior-modifying actions of several formulated insecticides were determined forMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson), a braconid parasitoid ofHeliothis spp. Exposure of adult parasitoids to cotton plants sprayed at recommended field rates with a pyrethroid/formamidine mixture (fenvalerate/chlordimeform) resulted in significantly higher mortality rates (10.4 to 22.6 percent) than in controls. Exposure to the carbamate thiodicarb resulted in similar rates of mortality. Only methomyl, a type of carbamate different from thiodicarb, caused mortality significantly higher than all other treatments, ranging to about 70%. Flight activity was measured by attraction to cotton in a laboratory wind tunnel bioassay. Females sprayed directly with a fenvalerate/chlordimeform mixture had significantly decreased flight activity up to 20 h post-treatment. Alternatively, attraction to cotton sprayed with either the fenvalerate/chlordimeform mixture or with methomyl to unsprayed females was significantly decreased, compared to plants sprayed with water only. These results suggest that the actions of insecticides, other than those of direct toxicity, may be important on beneficial parasitoids. Behaviors, such as flight activity and foraging, may be altered by even relatively non-toxic insecticides, thus potentially modifying the effectiveness of natural enemies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372591
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative flight behavior of parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis croceipes (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis virescens ; Gossypium hirsutum ; wind tunnel ; bioassay ; Hymenoptera ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le comportement de vol de M. croceipes Cres. (Hym. Braconidae) et de C. sonorensis Cam. (Hym. Icheumonidae) a été étudié en olfactométrie dans un tunnel à vent. Les femelles des deux espèces, et non les mâles, ont un vol orienté par l'odeur des feuilles fraîches de coton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). La fréquence d'envol est liée aux changements de vitesse du vent, aux variations d'émissions, par le cotonnier, des substances volatiles, en fonction de la vitesse du vent, ou aux deux. La fréquence d'envol à vitesse de vent constante dépend de l'éclairage. La fréquence d'envol de C. sonorensis augmente avec des intensités lumineuses relativement fortes et diminue avec des intensités relativement faibles. L'inverse est observé avec M. croceipes. Le vent chargé d'odeurs de larves ou d'extréments d'Heliothis virescens F., attire M. croceipes et non C. sonorensis. Nous suggérons une éventuelle interaction des odeurs portées par le vent et provenant de l'habitat et de l'hôte.
    Notes: Abstract Flight behavior of parasitoids Microsplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Ichneumonidae) was examined in a wind tunnel. Both species exhibited odor directed, oriented flights to cotton, although flight frequency was related to variation in wind velocity or differential cotton volatile emission with changes in wind velocity, or both. Flight frequency at constant wind velocity was affected by illumination. Microplitis croceipes was attracted to the wind borne odor of Heliothis virescens (F.) frass and larvae, whereas C. sonorensis was not. Possible interaction of the wind borne odors from the habitat and host is suggested for parasitoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305644
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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