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Characterization of particle surface and morphology in vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate emulsion copolymers — Influence of the copolymerization pathway (1987)

Kong, X. Z. ; Pichot, C. ; Guillot, J.

Springer

Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 791-802

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ISSN: 1435-1536

Keywords: Vmyl acetate-butyl acrylate emulsion copolymers ; surface end-groups ; soap titration method ; particle morphology ; emulsion process

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract Surface characterization was investigated in vinyl acetate (VAc) butyl acrylate (BuA) copolymer latexes of various compositions and prepared with four different emulsion polymerization processes: conventionnal batch, composition-controlled batch, core-shell, emulsifier-free semi-continuous. Surface end-groups (sulfate or carboxylic) titration results were first compared and discussed according to the type of process and as a function of conversion. As previously shown [1], it was confirmed that batch latex particles present a heterogeneous structure with a rich VAc outlayer, as in core-shell particles. As expected, semi-continuous and composition-controlled batch particles exhibit surface end-group characteristics revealing a more homogeneous distribution of both monomers within the particles. These differences in particle morphology were corroborated by analyzing water-polymer interface in these latexes using the soap titration method, with the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS) as emulsifier probes. When the BuA was batch-polymerized onto PVAc seed particles, the estimated surface composition seemed to show that probably phase rearrangement occurs in the particle during the synthesis or upon aging. It was also confirmed that SDS displays an abnormal adsorption due to complexation and solubilization in the rich-VAc shell of the particles.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418455

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Polystyrene (1)/poly(butyl acrylate/amide type functional monomer) (2) two-stage emulsion polymers. Synthesis and thermomechanical properties of latex films (1995)

Hidalgo, M. ; Cavaillé, J. Y. ; Guillot, J. ; [et al.]

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1559-1572

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ISSN: 0887-6266

Keywords: core-shell ; N-methylol acrylamide ; N-methylol methacrylamide ; N-isobutoxy methyl acrylamide ; butyl acrylate ; polystyrene seed ; latex ; emulsion polymerization ; structured particles ; particle morphology ; functional monomers ; latex films ; phase arrangement ; mechanical properties ; film forming ; scanning electron microscopy ; annealing ; percolation ; coalescence ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Notes: Polystyrene (PS) (1)/Poly (n-butyl acrylate (BA)/amide type functional monomer) (2) structured latex particles were prepared through emulsion polymerization varying the hydrophilicity of the functional monomer employed. The second-stage polymerization kinetics, the size and morphology of latex particles, and the location of the functional groups in the final latexes were studied, in order to relate them to the thermomechanical properties of films cast from these latexes. It has been shown that, as expected, increasing the hydrophobicity leads to a better homogeneity in the copolymer formed during the second-stage polymerization, while the more hydrophilic functional monomer partly homopolymerizes in a separate phase. However, the functionalization by all the monomers used in this work, prevents the PS seed particles to form a continuous skeleton (percolated network). Further heat treatments at 140°C do not lead to the formation of a continuous PS phase as for pure BA/pure PS two-stage particles. In addition, some thermally induced crosslinking effects are discussed in relation with the functional monomer location within the particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 15 Ill.