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  • In situ hybridization  (2)
  • evolutionary algorithms  (2)
  • repetitive DNA  (2)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computer-assisted manufacturing process optimization with neural networks (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Schlagwort(e): Manufacturing process chain ; modelling ; optimization ; neural networks ; evolutionary algorithms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Today's manufacturing methods are caught between the growing need for quality, high process safety, minimal manufacturing costs, and short manufacturing times. In order to meet these demands, process setting parameters have to be chosen in the best possible way, according to demand on quality. For such optimization it is necessary to represent the processes in a model. Due to the enormous complexity of many processes and the high number of influencing parameters, however, conventional approaches to modelling and optimization are no longer sufficient. In this article it is shown how, by means of applying neural networks for process modelling, even these highly complex interdependencies can be learned. That way both process and quality parameters can be assessed before or during processing. By connecting them with corresponding cost models, it is possible to optimize processes with the help of evolutionary algorithms. Using examples of different manufacturing processes, the possi bilities for process modelling and optimization with neural networks and evolutionary algorithms are demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008966407212
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulation based on learning methods (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Schlagwort(e): Simulation ; modelling ; machine learning ; evolutionary algorithms ; artificial neural network
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The use of simulation technology as a tool for planning and control is of increasing significance in most fields of production. The main part of the expenditure concerning simulation analyses is the modelling of the considered production. Despite the use of modern building-block-oriented modelling technology, this modelling can often not be done by the user, but only by external experts. Against this backdrop, an adaptive simulation system is being developed by the Institute for Industrial Manufacturing and Management (IFF) at the University of Stuttgart. It independently adapts to real production processes, i.e. it learns about the interdependencies of production processes, and, in this way, supports the user in constructing and maintaining the model. In terms of information technology, the research in the field of artificial intelligence, especially in the subdomain of machine learning, is the basis for the realization of such adaptive systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008926825868
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-resolution mapping of repetitive DNA by in situ hybridization: molecular and chromosomal features of prominent dispersed and discretely localized DNA families from the wild beet species Beta procumbens (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 1099-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Beta procumbens ; Beta vulgaris ; in situ hybridization ; repetitive DNA ; satellite DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Members of three prominent DNA families of Beta procumbens have been isolated as Sau3A repeats. Two families consisting of repeats of about 158 bp and 312 bp are organized as satellite DNAs (Sau3A satellites I and II), whereas the third family with a repeat length of 202 bp is interspersed throughout the genome. Multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for physical mapping of the DNA families, and has shown that these tandemly organized families occur in large heterochromatic and DAPI positive blocks. The Sau3A satellite I hybridized exclusively around or near the centromeres of 10, 11 or 12 chromosomes. The Sau3A satellite family I showed high intraspecific variability and high-resolution physical mapping was performed on pachytene chromosomes using differentially labelled repeats. The physical order of satellite subfamily arrays along a chromosome was visualized and provided evidence that large arrays of plant satellite repeats are not contiguous and consist of distinct subfamily domains. Re-hybridization of a heterologous rRNA probe to mitotic metaphase chromosomes revealed that the 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA genes are located at subterminal position on one chromosome pair missing repeat clusters of the Sau3A satellite family I. It is known that arrays of Sau3A satellite I repeats are tightly linked to a nematode (Heterodera schachtii) resistance gene and our results show that the gene might be located close to the centromere. Large arrays of the Sau3A satellite II were found in centromeric regions of 16 chromosomes and, in addition, a considerable interspersion of repeats over all chromosomes was observed. The family of interspersed 202 bp repeats is uniformly distributed over all chromosomes and largely excluded from the rRNA gene cluster but shows local amplification in some regions. Southern hybridization has shown that all three families are specific for genomes of the section Procumbentes of the genus Beta.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019545
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The molecular cytogenetics of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp: the physical organization and characterization of 18s-5.8s-25s rRNA genes, 5s rRNA genes, telomere-like sequences, and a family of centromeric repetitive DNA sequences (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 928-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): rDNA sites ; Centromeric repetitive DNA ; Telomere ; In situ hybridization ; Southern hybridization ; Ag-NOR ; Cowpea ; Physical maps
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A knowledge of genome organization is important for understanding how genomes function and evolve, and provide information likely to be useful in plant breeding programmes involving hybridization and genetic manipulation. Molecular techniques, including in situ hybridization, molecular cloning and DNA sequencing, are proving valuable tools to investigate the structure, organization, and diversity of chromosomes in agricultural crops. Heterologous labelled 18 s-5.8 s-25 s (pTa71) and 5 s rDNAs (pTa794) were used for in situ hybridization on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. chromosomes. Hybridization with 18 s-5.8 s-25 s rRNA gene probes occurred at the same chromosomal sites which were positive to the CMA fluorochrome. Silver staining of nucleolar-organizing regions indicated that all the rDNA sites detected using the 18 s-5.8 s-25 s rRNA gene probe possessed active genes. Degenerate telomeric repeats gave hybridization signals at the telomeres of most chromosomes and no intercalary sites were detected at metaphase; the sequences appear to have no preferential distribution in interphase nuclei. A repetitive DraI family from V. unguiculata was cloned (pVuKB1) and characterized. The DraI repeat is 488 nucleotides long, AT rich (74%), and hybridized on all chromosomes in the centromeric areas. The presence of this sequence family was investigated by Southern hybridization in different Vigna species and other Leguminoseae. It was only detected in V. unguiculata, and hence represents a species-specific DNA sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223902
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular and physical organization of highly repetitive, undermethylated DNA from Pennisetum glaucum (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 244 (1994), S. 420-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Pennisetum glaucum ; Satellite DNA ; In situ hybridization ; Centromeric heterochromatin ; Methylation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A HaeIIl monomer of a repetitive DNA family from Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. cv. Massue has been cloned and characterized. The repeat is 137 bp long and is organized in head-to-tail orientation in tandem arrays. The HaeIII monomer contains 55% A+T residues. The distribution of this highly repetitive sequence in different Pennisetum species and in other cereals was investigated. The HaeIII satellite is present in all Pennisetum species investigated but absent from other genera examined. In situ hybridization revealed a centromeric localization of this sequence on all seven chromosome pairs and indicated chromosome-specific differences in copy number. Methylation was investigated by comparative restriction enzyme analysis (Msp/HpaII) which showed a greater extent of methylation of the internal C of the enzyme recognition site 5′-CCGG. A South-Western analysis, using an anti-methylcytosine antibody to examine the methylation status in P. glaucum confirmed that the sequence is not highly methylated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286694
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure and chromosomal localization of major repetitive DNA families in the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genome (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 39 (1999), S. 1037-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Cicer arietinum L. ; repetitive DNA ; retrotransposable element ; satellite DNA ; in situ hybridization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three major repetitive DNA sequences were isolated from a genomic library of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and characterized with respect to their genomic organization and chromosomal localization. All repetitive elements are genus-specific and mostly located in the AT-rich pericentric heterochromatin. Two families are organized as satellite DNAs with repeat lengths of 162–168 bp (CaSat1) and 100 bp (CaSat2). CaSat1 is mainly located adjacent to the 18S rDNA clusters on chromosomes A and B, whereas CaSat2 is a major component of the pericentric heterochromatin on all chromosomes. The high abundance of these sequences in closely related species of the genus Cicer as well as their variation in structure and copy number among the annual species provide useful tools for taxonomic studies. The retrotransposon-like sequences of the third family (CaRep) display a more complex organization and are represented by two independent sets of clones (CaRep1 and CaRep2) with homology to different regions of Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposons. They are distributed over the pericentric heterochromatin block on all chromosomes with extensions into euchromatic regions. Conserved structures within different crossability groups of related Cicer species suggest independent amplification or transposition events during the evolution of the annual species of the genus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006125430386
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