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  • Pelargonium xhortorum  (2)
  • rod photoreceptors  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a mite bioassay to evaluate plant resistance and its use in determining regeneration of spider mite resistance (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 81 (1996), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Pelargonium xhortorum ; host-plant resistance ; geraniums ; anacardic acids ; bioassay ; regeneration ; Tetranychus urticae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The zonal geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum) possesses tall glandular trichomes that secrete anacardic acids, a viscous, sticky exudate which has been suggested as the primary mechanism in two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) resistance. A new bioassay was developed using small Plexiglas® cylinders as chambers for evaluating the resistance of geranium leaves to the two-spotted spider mite. This bioassay was easy to prepare, required only 24 hours to conduct, exhibited no problems with desiccation, condensation, or mite accountability, and yielded reproducible results. This bioassay was then used to study the regeneration of resistance of attached geranium leaves after they were made mite-susceptible by removing the excreted anacardic acids with water. Washed leaves regained full resistance after 14 days.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187039
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ionic permeabilities of the plasma membrane of isolated intact bovine rod outer segments as studied with a novel optical probe (1985)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 88 (1985), S. 263-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Schlagwort(e): vision ; rod photoreceptors ; ionic channels
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The permeability properties of the plasma membrane of intact rod outer segments purified from bovine retinas (ROS) were studied with the aid of the optical probe neutral red as described in the companion paper. The following observations were made: (1) Electrical shunting of ROS membranes greatly stimulated Na+ and K+ transport, suggesting that this transport reflects Na+ and K+ currents, respectively. The dissipation of a Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane occurred with a half-time of 30 sec at 25°C. (2) The Na+ permeability was progressively inhibited when the external Ca2+ concentration was raised from 1 μm to 20mm. A similar Ca2+ dependence was observed for H+ and Li+ transport. The Na+ permeability was not affected when the total internal Ca2+ content of ROS was varied between 0.1 mol Ca2+/mol rhodopsin and 7 mol Ca2+/mol rhodopsin, or when the free internal Ca2+ concentration was varied between 0.1 and 50 μm. (3) The K+ permeability was progressively stimulated when the external Ca2+ concentration was raised from 0.001 to 1 μm, whereas a further increase to 20mm was without effect. A similar Ca2+ dependence was observed for Rb+ and Cs+ transport. (4) At an external Ca2+ concentration in the micromolar range the rate of transport decreased in the order: Na+〉K+=H+〉Cs+〉Li+. (5) Na+ fluxes depended in a sigmoidal way on the external Na+ concentration, suggesting that sodium ions move in pairs. The concentration dependence of uniport Na+ transport and that of Na+-stimulated Ca2+ efflux (exchange or antiport transport) were very similar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871090
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ca2+ buffer sites in intact bovine rod outer segments: Introduction to a novel optical probe to measure ionic permeabilities in suspensions of small particles (1985)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 88 (1985), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Schlagwort(e): calcium ; rod photoreceptors ; surface potentials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The nature of the Ca2+ buffer sites in intact rod outer segments isolated from bovine retinas (ROS) was investigated. The predominant Ca2+ buffer in intact ROS was found to be negatively charged groups confined to the surface of the disk membranes. Accordingly, Ca2+ buffering in ROS was strongly influenced by the electrostatic surface potential. The concentration of Ca2+ buffer sites was about 30mm, 80% of which were located at the membrane surface in the intradiskal space. A comparison with observations in model systems suggests that phosphatidylserine is the major Ca2+ buffer site in ROS. Protons and alkali cations could replace Ca2+ as mobile counterions for the fixed negatively charged groups. At physiological ionic strength, the total number of these diffusible, but osmotically inactive, counterions was as large as the number of osmotically active cations in ROS. The surface potential is dependent on the concentration of cations in ROS and can be measured with the optical dye neutral red. Addition of cations to the external solution led to the release of the internally bound dye as the cations crossed the outer membrane. The chemical and spectral properties of the dye enable its use as a real-time indicator of cation transport across the outer envelope of small particles in suspension. In this study, the dye method is illustrated by the use of well-defined ionophores in intact ROS and in liposomes. In the companion paper this method is used to describe the cation permeabilities native to ROS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871089
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tissue-Specific Fatty Acid Composition of Glandular Trichomes of Mite-Resistant and -Susceptible Pelargonium xhortorum (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 955-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Fatty acids ; geraniums ; glandular trichomes ; glycolipids ; Pelargonium xhortorum ; phospholipids ; ω5-unsaturated fatty acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Anacardic acids, alkyl phenolic acids excreted by tall glandular trichomes of the garden geranium, Pelargonium xhortorum, confer small-pest resistance. Up to 90% of the trichome exudate from mite-resistant P. xhortorum inbreds consists of an unusual anacardic acid with an unsaturated omega-5 (ω5) alkyl chain. As fatty acids are biochemical precursors to anacardic acids, we examined by GC the fatty acid composition of leaves, pedicels, petals, sepals, mature seeds, and glandular trichomes from pest-resistant and pest-susceptible Pelargonium inbred lines to determine the localization of ω5-fatty acids within plant tissues. The fatty acid composition of lipid classes (galactolipids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids) extracted from glandular trichomes from mite-resistant pedicels were also examined. ω5-Fatty acids (16:1Δ11 and 18:1Δ13) were found only in the glandular trichomes from pest-resistant geraniums (27.2% in trichomes of pedicels) and were localized predominantly in the phospho- and galactolipids (phosphatidylinositol, 25.9%; phosphatidylcholine, 18.2%; monogalactosyldiglyceride, 15.5%; and diglactosyldiglyceride, 14.0%).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020865322035
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