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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between panicle size, insect density, and environment for genotypic resistance in sorghum to head bug,Calocoris angustatus (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sorghum ; sorghum bicolor ; head bug ; Calocoris angustatus ; Mirid ; insect density ; plant resistance ; food availability ; seasonal effects ; genotypic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were undertaken on interactions between panicle size, insect density, host plant, and the environment for sorghum head bug,Calocoris angustatus Lethiery on five sorghum genotypes in terms of bug population increase, grain damage and loss in grain mass across four panicle sizes (5, 10 or 20 branches/panicle and whole panicle), and three infestation levels (5, 10 and 15 pairs of bugs/panicle). Head bug numbers increased and grain damage decreased with an increase in panicle size in the head bug susceptible cultivars, CSH 1 and CSH 5. However, the increase in bug numbers or decrease in grain damage was not significant in head bug resistant genotypes, IS 17610 and IS 17645. Head bug numbers increased with an increase in infestation level in CSH 1 and CSH 5, however, such an increase was not substantial in IS 17610 and IS 17645. Grain damage was significantly lower in IS 17610 and IS 17645 compared with CSH 1 and CSH 5 across infestation levels. Head bug population increased at a greater rate during the rainy season compared with the dry season. Panicle size and infestation levels accounted for greater variation in grain damage and percentage loss in grain mass during the rainy season than in the dry season. To identify reliable sources of resistance to insects, it is important to study insect host plant-interactions across panicle sizes (levels of food availability), infestation levels and seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382378
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to head bug, Calocoris angustatus (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Head bug ; Calocoris angustatus ; sorghum ; resistance mechanisms ; preference ; antibiosis ; consumption and utilization of food
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mécanismes de la résistance du sorgho à la punaise C. angustatus ont été examinés au champ et au laboratoire. Les préférences des adultes ont été examinées avec choix multiples au champ et au laboratoire sur les 5 cultivars relativement moins sensibles (IS 2761, IS 9692, IS 17610, IS 17618, IS 17645) comparés aux hybrides commerciaux très sensibles (CSH 1, CSH 5, CSH 9). Les différences ont été confirmées avec des choix binaires au laboratoire. L'absence de préférence pour un cultivar est une des composantes de la résistance du sorgho à la punaise. Mais l'absence de préférence n'est cependant pas prouvée en cage au champ au par des expériences en olfactomètre sans choix au laboratoire. La ponte a été étudié sur 8 ‘génotypes’ pendant la saison des pluies de 1983 et sur 6 génotypes pendant la saison des pluies et après celle-ci en 1983–84. Les résultats montrent que la réduction de la ponte est une composante importante de la résistance sur IS 17645, IS 17610 et IS 17618. Pour définir le niveau d'antibiose, l'étude du cycle a été menée au laboratoire sur 5 cultivars relativement peu sensibles (IS 2761, IS 9692, IS 17610, IS 176618, IS 17645) et 3 sensibles (CSH 1, CSH 5, CSH 9). Le développement post-embryonnaire est prolongé d'un jour au deux quand les larves sont élevées sur grains laiteux de IS 17610 ou IS 17645. Les larves de 5e stade et les adultes ont des poids plus faibles sur IS 17610 et IS 9692. Les indices de consommation et d'utilisation des aliments ont été calculés pour IS 2761, IS 6984, CSH 5 et Swarna; l'utilisation de grains de IS 2761 et IS 69884, comparée aux grains des cultivars CSH 5 et Swarna, est relativement moins efficace. C1 et GR sont plus faibles sur grains d'IS 2761 de 20 jours que de 12 jours.
    Notes: Abstract Cultivar preference/nonpreference for feeding is one of the components of resistance to the sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (Hemiptera: Miridae). IS 2761, IS 9692, IS 17610, IS 17618 and IS 17645 were not preferred by the adults of c. angustatus under multi- or two-choice conditions. However, cultivar preference was not evident under no-choice tests or headcage conditions. Reduced oviposition is an important component of resistance to head bugs in IS 17645, IS 17610 and IS 17618. Post-embryonic development was extended by 1–2 days when nymphs were fed on these genotypes. Fifth instar nymphs and adults had lower weights when reared on IS 17610 and IS 9692. Nymphal survival was relatively lower on IS 9692, IS 17610 and IS 17645. Fourth instar nymphs were relatively less efficient in food utilization when fed on grain of IS 2761 and IS 6984 as compared with the susceptible cultivars CSH 5 and Swarna. Stage of grain development influenced the indices of consumption and utilization of food by head bugs. Consumption index (CI) and growth rate was lower on 20-day-old grain of IS 2761 as compared with 12-day-old grain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355028
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic resistance in sorghum to head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Calorcoris angustatus ; head bug ; host-plant resistance ; mirid ; Sorghum bicolor ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Leth., is an important pest of grain sorghum. We screened nearly 15000 germplasm accessions for resistance to this pest between 1980 and 1990 under natural and headcage conditions. Data were recorded on bug numbers, grain damage (1 = highly resistant the 5 = highly susceptible), and seed germination. Under natural conditions, 34 genotypes suffered moderate levels of grain damage (damage rating (DR) 1.7 to 2.9) compared with a DR of 4.0 to 4.6 in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. IS 17610, IS 17645, IS 21444, IS 19948, IS 25069 and IS 19949 suffered a DR of less than three, and harbored less than 150 bugs/panicle compared with a DR of 4.3 to 4.7, and 248 to 353 bugs/panicle in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9 when infested under headcage with 5 pairs of bugs/panicle. IS 18274, IS 20664, IS 20059, IS 25069, and IS 19951 had 150 to 300 bugs/panicle but suffered moderate levels of grain damage (DR less than 3), while the reverse was true in case of IS 8064, IS 19455, IS 19955, IS 20024, IS 20740, IS 23627, IS 2761, and IS 9692. During the 1989 rainy season, IS 14108, IS 17610, IS 17618, IS 17645, IS 19949, IS 19950, IS 19957, IS 20068, IS 25760, IS 27452, IS 27477 and IS 27329 suffered moderate levels of grain damage when infested with 5 and 10 pairs of bugs/panicle, and recorded more than 80% seed germination compared with a DR of 3.9 to 5.0, and seed germination of 15–18% in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. There is a considerable diversity in the genotypes resistant to head bugs, and attempts should be made to transfer the resistance into agronomically acceptable cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025250
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic effects of sorghum accessions on fecundity of sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 65 (1992), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Calocoris angustatus ; host-plant ; resistance ; fecundity ; grain damage ; sorghum ; sorghum head bug ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum head bug (Calocoris angustatus Leth.) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important pest of grain sorghum in India. We studied the fecundity of head bug females reared for one to three generations on head bug-resistant and head bug-susceptible genotypes during the 1988 and 1989 rainy and 1988–89 post-rainy seasons. Head bug population increase was lower for the first, second and/or third generation when the bugs were reared on IS 2761, IS 19955, IS 14334, IS 23748, IS 16357, IS 17610, and IS 21444 compared with the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5, and CSH 9. These genotypes also suffered a low grain damage (damage rating (DR) ≤5) (except IS 2761) compared with the susceptible controls (DR〉6). A marginal decrease in fecundity was observed when the bugs were reared on IS 2761, IS 14334, IS 16357, IS 20740 and IS 17610 and then transferred to the susceptible control, CSH 1. Sorghum genotypes having lower increase in bug population across generations, suffering low grain damage, and showing adverse effects on fecundity can be used in breeding for resistance to head bugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023080
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cytoplasmic male-sterility in sorghum on host plant interaction with sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Sorghum midge ; Contarinia sorghicola ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; host plant resistance ; resistance mechanisms ; sorghum ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola Coq. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum worldwide. We studied the reaction of midge-resistant and midge-susceptible genic-cytoplasmic male-sterile (A-lines) and their maintainers (B-lines), and the effect of resistant and susceptible restorers on sorghum midge. Midge damage and adult emergence were significantly lower on the B-lines of midge-resistant genotypes (PM 7061 and PM 7068) than their corresponding A-lines, while the reverse was true for the midge-susceptible genotypes (296A and ICSA 42). Differences in midge damage and the number of midges emerged were not significant between the midge-resistant and midge-susceptible A-lines when infested without pollination (except midge emergence on PM 7061A). Pollination with a midge-resistant restorer (DJ6541) reduced midge emergence significantly in one of two seasons. Source of pollen did not influence midge emergence on the highly-resistant A-line, PM 7061A. The implications of these observations in the development of midge-resistant hybrids were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033764
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