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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ferulic acid on the mineral nutrition of grain sorghum (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; Ferulic acid ; Magnesium ; Mineral content ; Phosphorus ; PotassiumSorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two week old sorghum seedlings (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) were treated with ferulic acid added to the nutrient solution. Effects on tissue concentration of P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn were evaluated after 3 and 6 days. Treatemnts of 0.25 mM ferulic acid approximated the growth inhibition threshold, and after 6 days 0.5 mM treated plants weighed less than controls. Both treatments reduced the P content of the roots and shoots at the 3- and 6-day harvests in three replicate experiments. Roots of treated plants at both harvests had a lower concentration of K and Mg. These reductions in P, K, and Mg were most extensive from the 0.5 mM ferulic acid regime. In some cases at both harvests, shoot K was lower and Mg was higher than control tissue. Ferulic acid effects at the 3-day harvest included an elevation of Ca and depression of Fe in shoots. Changes in nutrient content preceded measurable differences in plant weight. These data indicate that one mechanism of growth inhibition by this allelochemical may be an alteration of nutrient balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381731
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic inhibitory effects of vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acids on radish and grain sorghum (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 425-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: synergism ; vanillic acid ; p-hydroxybenzoic acid ; allelopathy ; inhibition ; sorghum ; radish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Radish and grain sorghum germination and sorghum growth were inhibited in a synergistic manner by combinations of vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acids. At threshold inhibition levels, 2.5 × 10−3 M vanillic acid-treated radish seeds had 71 % of control germination after 24 hr and 2.5 × 10−3 Mp-hydroxybenzoic acid-treated radish yielded 95% germination. A mixture of 2.5 × 10−3 M of each of these two phytotoxins showed 52% germination after 24 hr. Equimolar mixtures of 5 × 10−3 M vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acids allowed sorghum germination of 60% of untreated seeds after 24 hr, whereas separate treatments of individual phenols had 93% and 96% of control seed germination. Sorghum root and shoot elongation and total seedling growth were more sensitive than germination to vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acid treatments, and synergistic effects also were apparent. A combination of 5 × 10−3 M vanillic with 5 × 10−3 Mp-hydroxybenzoic reduced root length more than either did individually, and a mixture of 5 × 10−4 M vanillic with 5 × 10−4 Mp-hydroxybenzoic acid reduced sorghum seedling growth to approximately that resulting from a 10−3 M concentration of either phenol alone. Phytotoxin levels inhibitory to sorghum growth caused small increases in lower leaf surface diffusive resistance, but did not close stomates, and this effect was not judged to be the cause of reduced sorghum growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989499
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and growth of soybean and grain sorghum seedlings (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 815-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ferulic acid ; p-coumaric acid ; vanillic acid ; chlorophyll a ; chlorophyll b ; allelopathy ; inhibitors ; soybean ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that interference with chlorophyll metabolism may be one mechanism of inhibition of plant growth in allelopathic interactions. Effects of ferulic,p-coumaric, and vanillic acids on soybean and grain sorghum growth and chlorophyll content were quantified and compared after seedlings were treated with these compounds in a nutrient culture. Following a 6-day treatment cycle, dry weights of soybean seedlings were reduced by both 10−3 M and 5 × 10−4 M treatments of ferulic,p-coumaric and vanillic acids. Soybean weight reductions in each case were paralleled by a significant reduction in the concentration (μg Chl/mg dry wt) of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll in the unifoliate leaves. Sorghum seedling growth was also reduced by each of the compounds at the 5 × 10−4 M level, but leaf chlorophyll concentration was not below that of control plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986566
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of temperature and ferulic acid stress on grain sorghum and soybeans (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ferulic acid ; allelopathy ; temperature stress ; sorghum ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that alleiopathic effects of ferulic acid (FA) may be altered by the temperature conditions of the growth environment. Growth of grain sorghum and soybean seedlings over a 10-day treatment period showed that a significant interaction effect occurred between environmental temperatures and FA treatments. Sorghum grown with an average day temperature of 37 °C and soybeans grown at 34 °C had greater dry weight reductions caused by FA than when the respective environments were 8 °C and 11 °C lower. The threshold concentration for inhibition of sorghum growth was 0.2 mM FA under the hot conditions and 0.4 mM FA with the cooler conditions. Soybeans were more sensitive than sorghum, and these inhibition thresholds for the hot and cool environments were 0.1 and 0.25 mM FA. These results demonstrate that temperature stress enhances allelochemical inhibition and indicate that interactions with the environment are an important consideration for understanding allelopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987653
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioassay of naturally occurring allelochemicals for phytotoxicity (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1821-1828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; bioassay ; mechanism of action ; seed germination ; radicle growth ; seedling growth ; Lemna bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bioassay has been one of the most widely used tests to demonstrate allelopathic activity. Often, claims that a particular plant species inhibits the growth of another are based entirely on the seed germination response to solvent extracts of the suspected allelopathic plant; few of these tests are of value in demonstrating allelopathy under natural conditions. The veracity of the bioassay for evaluating naturally occurring compounds for phytotoxicity depends upon the physiological and biochemical response capacity of the bioassay organism and the mechanism(s) of action of the allelochemicals. The possibility that more than one allelochemical, acting in concert at very low concentrations, may be responsible for an observed allelopathic effect makes it imperative that bioassays be extremely sensitive to chemical growth perturbation agents. Among the many measures of phytotoxicity of allelochemicals, the inhibition (or stimulation) of seed germination, radicle elongation, and/or seedling growth have been the parameters of choice for most investigations. Few of these assays have been selected with the view towards the possible mechanism of the allelopathic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013479
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prior cropping with grain sorghum inhibits weeds (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 951-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; grain sorghum ; Sorghum bicolor ; weed inhibition ; weed management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three years of field data in northeastern Nebraska demonstrate that a grain sorghum crop reduces weediness in the following crop year. Weed growth was consistently lower in sorghum areas the year after strip-cropping fields with sequences of four-row bands of grain sorghum, soybeans, and corn. Percentage weed cover was significantly lower early in the year, and midsummer weed biomass was well below that found after corn and soybeans. Weed biomass in June and July following corn was two to four times that of grain sorghum strips. Inhibitory effects of grain sorghum were primarily on broadleaf weeds, often showing no action on grass weeds. No obvious differences were noted in the weed species present after the three crops. Allelopathy provides a logical explanation for the sorghum-mediated weed inhibition found in this study. The data have implications for weed management strategies in agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015190
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic inhibitory effects ofp-coumaric and ferulic acids on germination and growth of grain sorghum (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: synergism ; ferulic acid ; p-coumaric acid ; allelopathy ; phytotoxicity ; inhibition ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The data support the hypothesis that there is a synergistic phytotoxic effect whenp-coumaric and ferulic acids are found together. Equimolar mixtures of both acids showed greater reduction in sorghum seed germination, shoot elongation, and total seedling growth than either phytotoxin caused when alone. Repeated experiments showed mixtures containing 5×10−3 Mp-coumaric and 5×10−3 M ferulic acids reduced germination to 34% of controls after 24 hr and 59% by 48 hr. The same concentration of either phenol-treated seeds alone showed 69 and 92% germination at comparable times. The phytotoxic action of the combination approximated the inhibitory effect on germination of 10−2 M ferulic acid and was a greater reduction than caused by 10−2 Mp-coumaric treatments. Sorghum seedling growth was more sensitive than germination, with an equimolar mixture of 2.5×10−4 Mp-coumaric and 2.5×10−4 M ferulic acids reducing seedling dry weight significantly below weights of seedlings treated separately with 2.5×10−4 Mp-coumaric or ferulic acids. Further dilutions showed a 1.25×10−4 M concentration of either phenol was stimulatory to seedling growth, whereas a mixture of these two produced inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994146
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