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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 71-78 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nonlinear kinetics ; theophylline ; dimethyluric acid ; theophylline metabolism ; 1-methyluric acid ; 3-methylxanthine ; renal clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After intravenous and oral administration of theophylline to four healthy subjects, the plasma concentration-time curve of theophylline could be described by linear pharmacokinetics, although total clearance in all subjects decreased when the dose was increased; the doses were theophylline 193.2 mg and 386.4 mg i.v. and 161 mg and 322 mg p.o. Total clearance was 65.5±11.3 ml/min. Renal clearance changed from 15.2±9.5 ml/min in the first two hours after administration to 4.9±5.5 ml/min between 16 and 24 h (p〈0.001). 1,3-dimethyluric acid (DMU), the major metabolite of theophylline, was determined in urine and in plasma. The renal clearance of DMU was constant at 496.7±180 ml/min. There was some evidence that at high plasma concentrations of theophylline the formation of DMU might be a zero-order process. The renal excretion rate of 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) paralleled that of DMU, which is in accordance with the assumption that DMU is demethylated to 1-MU. 3-methylxanthine (3-MX) was excreted in urine at a constant rate over 10 h, the rate being equivalent to the dose, which is contrary to the assumption of Michaelis-Menten-kinetics. 3-methyluric acid was found to be a minor metabolite of theophylline and 1-methylxanthine (1-MX) could not be detected. The cumulative amounts excreted in urine, expressed as a percentage of the dose and corrected for molecular weight, were theophylline 16.6±6.5%, DMU 44.3±7.0%, 1-MU 24.3±4.8%, 3-MX 12.9±3.4% and 3-MU 2.2±1.8%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 485-489 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; erythromycin ; interaction ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 11 healthy volunteers the kinetics of theophylline and the plasma levels and the urinary excretion of its metabolites were studied before and after treatment with erythromycin for 10 days. Theophylline was administered as an intravenous bolus injection (280 mg) followed by a constant intravenous infusion (23.8±4.1 mg/h) for 6 hours. The total clearance of theophylline at steady-state (63.4±9.9 vs 63.8±14.4 ml/min, before vs after erythromycin treatment) and the elimination half-life after cessation of the infusion (6.7±2.6 vs 7.5±1.8 h, before vs after treatment) did not change during the treatment with erythromycin. No difference in the formation of metabolites before and after treatment with erythromycin was detected; the findings in urine were 40.4±5.0 vs 42.1±5.4% 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 29.6±4.6 vs 30.1±5.9% 1-methyluric acid and 13.4±3.5 vs 12.5±2.2% 3-methylxanthine before and after erythromycin treatment, respectively. It is concluded that a clinically relevant interaction between erythromycin and theophylline does not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 272 (1953), S. 288-296 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In Analogie zum hoch- und niedermolekularen Selen wird die Ringstruktur der Molekeln in entsprechenden Formen des Schwefels diskutiert und experimentell begründet. Ringaufsprengungen werden erleichtert durch die Gegenwart von Schwefelionen und basischen Aminen, so daß diese in der Lage sind, die Umwandlungen zwischen hoch und niedermolekularen Phasen zu katalysieren. Ebenso aktivieren sie Schwefel bei chemischen Reaktionen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 338 (1965), S. 121-133 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chromium oxide doted aluminium silicate catalysts, used in the polyethylene synthesis by the Phillips process, can be prepared in efficient form only by adsorption of Cr(III) or Cr(VI) compounds in aqueous acid medium. During drying in air at elevated temperatures, change of the chromium compound occurs („activition“), and a surface compound of oxidation number + 5.6 ± 0.2 is formed which is soluble in acid. Another part of chromium is insoluble and in the +3 state. The atomic ratio of these parts, which gives the overall oxidation number of the contact, and its dependence on the Cr concentration, temperature, oxygen pressure, and activitation time is investigated.
    Notes: Bei der Darstellung der chromoxidhaltigen Aluminiumsilicat-Katalysatoren für die Polyäthylen-Synthese nach dem Phillips-Verfahren führt nur die adsorptive Dotierung mit Cr(III)- oder Cr(VI)-Verbindungen in saurem, wäßrigem Medium zu brauchbaren Kontakten. Während der erforderlichen Trocknung der Produkte an Luft bei höheren Temperaturen tritt eine Veränderung der aufgebrachten Chromverbindung ein („Aktivierung“); es bildet sich eine säurelösliche Oberflächen-Spezies der Oxydationszahl 5,6 ± 0,2 sowie säureunlösliches Cr(III). Das Mengenverhältnis dieser beiden Bestandteile, das die Gesamt-Oxydationszahl des Kontakts bestimmt, wird in Abhängigkeit von der Chrom-Konzentration, sowie von Temperatur, O2-Druck und Dauer der Aktivierung untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 275 (1954), S. 147-151 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Wasserstoffpolysulfide selbst leicht flüchtiger Amine lassen sich bequem darstellen, wenn man in passenden möglichst dipolfreien Lösungsmitteln Amin und Schwefel löst und langsam Schwefelwasserstoff einleitet. Im allgemeinen entstehen nicht die sauren, sondern die neutralen Wasserstoffpolysulfide mit sieben oder neun Schwefelatomen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 276 (1954), S. 128-140 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Innere Komplexsalze mit Dithiosäuren enthalten Nebenvalenzviererringe. Infolge sterischer Spannungen sind diese instabil und kracken leicht auf. Die dabei entstehenden koordinativen Lücken am Metallatom können von anderen Liganden, z. B. Pyridin, besetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 7 (1874), S. 1153-1157 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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