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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus is associated with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 696-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; polymerase chain reaction ; type IV collagen ; type V collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene seems to be associated with clinical heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is not known whether increased atherosclerosis or other factors among individuals with certain ACE-gene subtypes form the basis for the increased prevalence of heart disease among these subjects. We measured, at autopsy, the extent of macroscopically visible aortic atherosclerosis in 22 diabetic and 39 non-diabetic subjects and determined the ACE-genotype of all individuals by the polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of aortic surface area covered with atherosclerotic lesions was 29±8 (n=6), 71±7 (n=9), and 65±7 (n=5) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotype subgroups, respectively, among diabetes patients (mean ± SEM) (2 p〈0.01, when comparing values from the ID and DD groups to the II group). The values were 37±9 (n=11), 40±5 (n=14) and 37±6 (n=11) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotypes in the non-diabetic group. There were no differences in sex ratio or age in any of the ACE-gene subtypes. The previously described relationship between heart disease and the ACE-gene polymorphism in diabetes could thus be founded in an increased extent of atherosclerosis among patients with the ID- and DD-ACE-gene subtypes. Patients with diabetes have several alterations in the composition of the collagenous components in the arterial wall. We also analysed for associations between total collagen and type IV and type V collagen content in the aortic vessel wall and the ACE-gene subtypes. We were, however, not able to disclose correlations between the polymorphism and any of these parameters. In conclusion, our data show an association between the ACE-I/D polymorphism and the degree of aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes; however, we did not observe correlations between the polymorphism and data concerning arterial collagenous components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus is associated with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene No relation between the polymorphism and aortic collagen content (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 696-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Angiotensin II ; polymerase chain reaction ; type IV collagen ; type V collagen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene seems to be associated with clinical heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is not known whether increased atherosclerosis or other factors among individuals with certain ACE-gene subtypes form the basis for the increased prevalence of heart disease among these subjects. We measured, at autopsy, the extent of macroscopically visible aortic atherosclerosis in 22 diabetic and 39 non-diabetic subjects and determined the ACE-genotype of all individuals by the polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of aortic surface area covered with atherosclerotic lesions was 29 ± 8 (n = 6), 71 ± 7 (n = 9), and 65 ± 7 (n = 5) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotype subgroups, respectively, among diabetes patients (mean ± SEM) (2 p 〈 0.01, when comparing values from the ID and DD groups to the II group). The values were 37 ± 9 (n = 11), 40 ± 5 (n = 14) and 37 ± 6 (n = 11) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotypes in the non-diabetic group. There were no differences in sex ratio or age in any of the ACE-gene subtypes. The previously described relationship between heart disease and the ACE-gene polymorphism in diabetes could thus be founded in an increased extent of atherosclerosis among patients with the ID- and DD-ACE-gene subtypes. Patients with diabetes have several alterations in the composition of the collagenous components in the arterial wall. We also analysed for associations between total collagen and type IV and type V collagen content in the aortic vessel wall and the ACE-gene subtypes. We were, however, not able to disclose correlations between the polymorphism and any of these parameters. In conclusion, our data show an association between the ACE-I/D polymorphism and the degree of aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes; however, we did not observe correlations between the polymorphism and data concerning arterial collagenous components. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 696–700]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050497
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 601-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: drought ; nutrient cycling ; potassium ; soil solution ; spatial variability ; throughfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract At Klosterhede, Denmark experimental manipulations of water and nutrient inputs to a forest stand were carried out under a 1200 m2 roof simulating i) summer drought, ii) removal of N and S input, and iii) optimal nutrition and water availability. In practise, manipulation of element fluxes in a complex system like a forest may cause unintended changes such as climatic effects from the roof which may interfere with the results of the intended manipulation. This paper illustrates the extent and effects of such unintended changes. The most important climatic change under the roof was a 50% reduction of photosynthetic light which caused a decrease in moss cover on the ground floor. Soil temperatures under the roof were decreased 0.3°C during summer and increased 0.2°C during winter. Air humidity was not changed. Throughfall water amount decreased close to the stems whereas element concentrations in throughfall increased close to the stems and with tree size on the ambient plots. This distinct spatial pattern was changed under the roof to a more variable water distribution from the sprinkling system and to constant element concentrations in the sprinkling water. This loss/change of spatial variability in the input was reflected in the soil solution. The concentration patterns found in soil water (increasing close to the stem and with tree size) in the ambient plots were no longer observed under the roof. Exclusion of throughfall by the roof disturbed the internal cycle of nutrients leached from the canopy. The removal of canopy leached Ca and K by the roof caused a decline in soil water concentrations, even on the drought plot where natural throughfall was only cut off during two summer months. The internal cycle of Ca and K had to be restored by addition of Ca and K under the roof. Further, leachable elements and soluble compounds may be washed out from litterfall during the collection period on the roof, and thus lost from the internal cycle by by exclusion of throughfall. It is important to consider these problems in the design of new manipulation experiments and in the interpretation of the results. Some recommendations are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029374
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 623-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; biogeochemical cycling ; decomposition ; experimental manipulations ; soil water chemistry ; throughfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract At Klosterhede, Denmark experimental manipulations of the input of water and nutrients to a Norway spruce forest stand have been performed. The manipulations included fertilizer application, irrigation and creation of artificial dry periods. Further, the acidic input was excluded from the soil by a 1200 m2 roof. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of air pollutants on the internal cycling of nutrients in the forest ecosystem and to assess the influence of the manipulations on the canopy interacting processes, the soil water composition and the turnover of organic matter. The improved nutrient availability and the increased soil water content in the fertigation (fertilizer application + irrigation) and the irrigation plots under the roof resulted in an increased decomposition of cotton strips compared to the uncovered control plot. However, the decomposition of needle material (litterbags) in the roof covered plots was reduced probably due to altered humidity conditions in the humic layer as a result of the irrigation system. Significant changes to the manipulations were seen in the soil water concentrations of SO4 2- in the irrigated and the fertigated plots and of K+ in the irrigated plot which show that the internal cycling and dynamics of sulphur and potassium are very sensitive to interference in the input. The effect of reduced acid input on soil water concentrations of Al and H+ was not evident before the 5th year of treatment where Al concentration was reduced almost 50% at 55 cm depth on the “clean rain” (irrigated) plot. It was not possible to detect any enlarged throughfall deposition on the fertigated and irrigated plots despite an observed rise in the canopy surface area on these plots or to detect any changes in canopy leaching reflecting changes in nutrient status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029376
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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