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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Incidence of Type 2 diabetes ; socio-economic environment ; social class
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of diabetes among people aged 18–50 years has been studied prospectively in nine towns, chosen to encompass the range of socioeconomic conditions and spread of latitude in England and Wales. The incidence of Type 1 (insulindependent) diabetes in this age group varied little between the towns. However, the incidence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes was markedly higher in the towns with ‘worse’ socio-economic conditions. The mean incidences were 23 per 100000 for the three ‘worse’ towns and 10 per 100000 for the three ‘better’ towns. This was not explicable by an association between the disease and social class. This finding has to be reconciled with known and hypothesised influences in the aetiology of Type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 2 (1997), S. 294-300 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Analytical quality control ; Marine monitoring ; Accuracy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The approach to analytical quality control adopted for the UK National Marine Analytical Quality Control Scheme is described. The Scheme began in 1991 and is in its fifth year of operation. The aim of the programme of work is to ensure adequate control over the accuracy of analysis, such that the aims of the UK National Marine Monitoring Plan are satisfied. The results of interlaboratory tests for the determination of nutrients in water samples and metals, organic compounds in waters, sediments and biological samples are summarised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 289-295 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; pregnancy ; pharmacokinetics ; lactation ; methylxanthines ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of pregnancy on the disposition of theophylline were assessed in 10 patients throughout pregnancy and post-partum. The clearance relative to total theophylline concentrations was only slightly affected during the first two trimesters (2.61±0.63 l/h and 2.85±1.05 l/h), while a statistically significant reduction was evident late in pregnancy (2.05±0.49 l/h). Post-partum clearance values (2.16±2.81 l/h) suggest an ongoing suppression relative to pre-pregnancy levels. A similar pattern was evident with clearance values based on free theophylline plasma concentrations (p=0.12). Absolute volume of distribution increased in concert with gestation, suggesting that theophylline partitions into the enlarged tissue spaces. In addition, theophylline binding to plasma proteins decreased, albeit insignificantly, during the second (fraction bound=29%) and third (32%) trimesters compared to post-partum values (41%). Increases in half-life during the third trimester (13.00±2.31 h vs 9.53±3.53 h post-partum) were highly significant. This change reflects the net effect of reduced clearance and increased distribution. Breast feeding had no effect on the disposition of theophylline, although the transfer of this compound into breast milk was confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 129-134 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; ethinylestradiol ; oral contraceptives ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of chronic oral contraceptive (OC) usage on the disposition of theophylline was examined. Aminophylline solution (4 mg/kg) was given orally to 8 healthy female non-OC users and to 8 healthy women who were chronic (〉6 months) OC users. The OC user group had a significantly lower total plasma clearance of theophylline than women not using OC (35.1±5.6 vs. 53.1±14.5 ml/h/kg). The t1/2 was also significantly prolonged in the OC group (9.79±1.43 vs. 7.34±1.75 h) while the volume of distribution was similar between the 2 groups. The serum ethinylestradiol (EE) concentrations after oral OC administration were measured simultaneously. The apparent clearance of EE was about 30% lower in the OC users. A significant positive correlation was found between the apparent clearance of EE and the plasma clearance of theophylline. The effects of OC are predominantly due to chronic use with decreased elimination of both theophylline and EE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 13 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper describes a model which was developed to simulate the effect of automated liming on the quality of a Welsh lake (Llyn Brianne) and its outflow river. The objective was to model the amount of lime required to dose the input streams under a variety of conditions. It was concluded that it would be feasible to install automatic-dosing equipment on the two input streams to deliver sufficient lime to ensure that the pH of the lake and water downstream was controlled at a pH value of 6.0 or greater, thus stabilizing water quality for fish and other aquatic biota.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: CD44 ; cell adhesion ; hyaluronic acid ; invasion ; mesothelial cells ; metastasis ; ovarian tumour cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our previous studies have suggested that the interaction between hyaluronic acid (HA) on peritoneal mesothelial cells and the membrane adhesion molecule, CD44, on ovarian tumour cells could be important in ovarian cancer metastasis. In order to study this further, adhesion of six ovarian tumour lines to HA coated on to a plastic surface was investigated. Four lines bound to the HA coat and two lines did not. The adhesive lines were those that expressed high amounts of CD44, but the degree of adhesion was not closely correlated with CD44 expression. The results suggested that different tumour lines had different affinities for HA. Treatment of the HA coat with hyaluronidase substantially reduced adhesion. Adhesion was also partially reduced if the tumour cells were preincubated with either soluble HA, or anti-CD44 antibodies directed against the HA binding region. An antibody against a non-HA binding region only slightly blocked adhesion at high antibody concentrations. Only the CD44H isoform was detected by immunoprecipitation on the tumour cells. These results suggest that ovarian tumour cells can attach to immobilised HA via CD44H on the cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 366 (1993), S. 118-118 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The importance of silver mining in South America over the past 400 years as a source of mercury in the environment has been discussed in Scientific Correspondence1'2. Clearly, accurate analytical data are required for sensible discussion. Camargo2 makes the reasonable suggestion that the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 325 (1986), S. 263-266 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of the size of the added increment in standard additions determination on precision is evaluated by computer simulation. The precision obtained for different modes of calculating results is compared for double and single additions. The use of double additions up to the top of the linear range, combined with calculation of results by a weighted linear regression, is recommended.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Effekt der Größe des zugesetzten Inkrements auf die Präzision bei Standardzugabe-Verfahren wird mit Hilfe einer Computersimulation ausgewertet. Die Präzision wird bei verschiedenen Berechnungsarten für einfache und doppelte Zugaben verglichen. Empfohlen wird die Verwendung doppelter Zugaben bis zur oberen Grenze des linearen Bereichs, kombiniert mit der Berechnung der Ergebnisse durch gewichtete lineare Regression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 354 (1996), S. 596-601 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Errors in the analysis of liquid samples are often large enough to be important. For solid materials, additional potential complications arise in separating the determinand from the sample matrix and in controlling possible interferences from co-extracted species. These considerations have led to the development of a stepwise, co-ordinated approach by which a group of laboratories have achieved predefined standards of accuracy. Sample digestion has been examined. The analysis of digests has then been addressed; the control of analytical precision has been emphasised. Finally, a demonstration of overall comparability has been undertaken. The results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 354 (1996), S. 602-605 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The development of an analytical technique is described which may be used to determine chromium, chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in estuarine and coastal waters. The method is based on selective micro-solvent extraction with subsequent GFAAS. The technique has been applied in a major North Sea estuary. The results obtained confirm that thermodynamic factors alone cannot be relied upon to describe the form of chromium in estuaries. Kinetic factors appear to have a strong influence over speciation and lead to the persistence of Cr(III) species in environments where Cr(VI) would be expected to be present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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