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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Weathering and transportation studies of the chemical composition of sediments have determined how surface fractionation processes modify the elemental signature due to provenance and tectonic setting of siliciclastic rocks. Although the bulk of the exposed upper continental crust comprises granitoids, metamorphic rocks from the intermediate to lower crust may be, in some geological contexts, the provenance of siliciclastic sediments. A preferential enrichment of the LREE relative to the HREE is observed in weathered, garnet-rich, kinzigitic paragneisses from the Calabrian Arc, southern Italy. This fractionation is due mostly to the mineralogical control exerted by monazite, which is concentrated in the silt-size fraction of the soil. However, a significant part of HREE, released during garnet alteration, is trapped by secondary minerals in the clay-sized fraction of the soil, in a manner similar to Pb2+ and Cs+, cations of some concern in environmental geochemistry. In the weathered material monazite is also important in controlling the Eu-anomaly, the negative size of which increases with increasing Th addition. The Eu-anomaly in the clay-sized fraction of the soil is very similar to that of the fresh rock, suggesting that the Eu/Eu* index in pelitic sediments deriving from the intermediate to lower crust may be regarded as a reliable indicator of parental affinity. Other provenance indicators include La/Th, which share the same mineralogical control; indicators of contrasting mafic and felsic provenance, e.g. Sc/Th, should be used with care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 53 (1995), S. 103-114 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mineralogische Zusammensetzung und die Verteilung der Spurenelemente in der 〈 2 μm Fraktion von spät-kretazischen-oligozänen Schiefern aus dem südlichen Appenin (Italien) werden in Übersicht gebracht. Die Tonmineral-Vergesellschaftung besteht aus Illit, Smectit, Kaolinit und kleineren Mengen von Chlorit. Analytische Daten weisen darauf hin, daß Illit und Smectit aus einem detritischen Glimmermineral hervorgegangen sein dürften. Auch akzessorische Phasen kommen vor. Chemische Daten zeigen gegenüber post-Archaischen australischen Schiefern (PAAS) eine Verarmung in Ba, Rb, Y, Zr und eine Anreicherung von Nb. PAAS-normalisierte SEE-Verteilungsmuster zeigen eine positive Eu Anomalie und eine Verarmung an HSEE. Eine Kaolinit-reiche Probe zeigt hohe Gehalte an gesamten SEE im Gegensatz zu einer Smectit-reichen. Die Illit-reiche Probe zeigt ein SEE-Verteilungsmuster ohne deutliche Eu Anomalie. Statistische Verarbeitung der Daten läßt eine Verbindung zwischen Ti, P, Y, Zr, Nb und Yb erkennen; dies weist darauf hin, daß akzessorische Phasen einen Einfluß auf die HSEE-Verteilung haben und daß die beobachtete LSEE/HSEE Fraktionierung auch auf hydraulische Sortierung dieser Phasen zurückgehen könnte. Es gibt eine bedeutsame Beziehung zwischen La und Kaolinit und diese unterstreicht die Fähigkeit des Kaolinits für die Aufnahme von LSEE. Smectit und Adsorptionsmechanismen scheinen eine geringe Rolle für die Verteilung der SEE zu spielen. Die Eu Anomalie ist eine Erscheinung, die auf die Quelle der sedimentären Minerale zurückgeht und wahrscheinlich nicht ausschließlich durch Tonminerale bestimmt wird.
    Notes: Summary Mineralogical composition and trace elements distribution in the 〈 2-μm size fraction of Late Cretaceous-Oligocene shales from the Southern Apennines (Italy) are presented. The clay mineral assemblage consists of illite, smectite, kaolinite and minor chlorite. Analytical evidence points to a detrital micaceous precursor for illite and smectite. Accessory phases were also found. Chemical data, normalized with respect to the Post-Archean Australian Shales (PAAS), indicate depletion of Ba, Rb, Y, Zr and enrichment of Nb. PAAS-normalized REE-patterns exhibit a positive Eu anomaly and HREE depletion. A kaolinite-rich sample has high ΣREE contents in contrast to smectite-rich fractions. A REE-pattern without appreciable Eu anomaly is displayed by the illite-rich sample. Statistical data processing indicates a link between Ti, P, Y, Zr, Nb and Yb, suggesting that accessory phases may play a role in controlling HREE and that the observed LREE/HREE fractionation may also be due to hydraulic sorting of these phases. An important La-kaolinite relationship accounts for the capability of this phase to host LREE. Smectite and, thus, adsorption mechanisms, appear to exert a limited role in distributing REE. The Eu anomaly is a source inherited feature, probably not determined solely by clay minerals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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