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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Exercise induced asthma ; Allergic asthma ; Histamine ; Catecholamines ; Theophylline ; Plasma levels ; Anstrengungsasthma ; allergisch-bedingtes Asthma ; Histamin ; Katecholamine ; Theophyllin ; Plasmaspiegel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um zu untersuchen, ob endogene Transmitter bei der Auslösung und Unterhaltung verschiedener Formen des Asthma bronchiale eine Rolle spielen, haben wir bei Kindern vor und nach einer Laufbelastung sowie vor und nach einer inhalativen Provokation mit wäßrigen Allergenextrakten das Serumhistamin, Serumnoradrenalin und den bronchialen Strömungswiderstand (Rt) bestimmt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß das Belastungsasthma mit einem starken Anstieg des Plasmanoradrenalins, nicht jedoch des Plasmahistamins einhergeht. Dieser Anstieg war wesentlich ausgeprägter als der bei einem asthmatischen Vergleichskollektiv ohne Anstrengungsasthma. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten die Kinder, die nach einer Allergenprovokation einen Asthmaanfall entwickelten, einen signifikanten Histamin-, jedoch keinen Noradrenalinanstieg. Zwischen Histamin-Serumspiegel und Stärke der Bronchokonstriktion bestand eine gute Korrelation (r=0.98). Nach oraler Applikation übte Theophyllin einen Schutz sowohl gegenüber dem Anstrengungsasthma, als auch gegenüber dem allergisch bedingten Asthma aus. Da Theophyllin beim allergisch ausgelösten Asthma nicht nur zu einem Abfall von Rt führte, sondern auch den Histaminanstieg verminderte, kann vermutet werden, daß ein Teil der Wirkung dieser Substanz beim allergischen Asthma auf einer Hemmung der Histaminfreisetzung beruht. Die Noradrenalinfreisetzung beim Anstrengungsasthma beeinflußte es nicht. Für seine protektive Wirkung bei dieser Asthmaform müssen daher andere Wirkungsmechanismen angenommen werden. Ob diese ausschließlich auf einer Relaxation beruhen, muß ungeklärt bleiben. Als Schlußfolgerung dieser Untersuchung wird deutlich, daß das Anstrengungsasthma und das allergische Asthma 2 verschiedene Typen eines Syndroms sind. Arzneimittel, die gegenüber beiden Typen wirksam sind, können dies über verschiedene Wirkungsmechanismen tun.
    Notes: Summary To investigate whether endogenous transmitters play a role in different forms of bronchial asthma we determined histamine and noradrenaline plasma levels as well as airway resistance (Rt) before and after exercise and allergen challenge in children. The study demonstrates that in exercise induced asthma (EIA) broncho-constriction was paralleled by increases of noradrenaline, but not of histamine plasma levels. This increase of noradrenaline was much more pronounced than that observed in the asthmatic control group not suffering from EIA. In contrast to what has been observed in EIA, bronchoconstriction in response to allergen challenge was closely associated with increases of histamine, but not of noradrenaline plasma levels. Between histamine concentrations and severity of illness a good correlation was found (r=0.98). Tests carried out after oral administration of theophylline showed a protection against EIAand allergic induced asthma. Since theophylline in allergic asthma concomitantly reduced the increase in Rt and plasma histamine it is suggested that at least part of the beneficial effects of theophylline in allergic asthma may result from inhibition of histamine release. In those children suffering from EIA theophylline did not affect noradrenaline release. Thus, consideration must be given to effects of theophylline against EIA which are based on other mechanisms. Whether these effects are solely attributable to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle or not remains to be clarified. In conclusion this study clearly has identified exercise and allergic induced asthma as different types of the syndrome that we call asthma. Drugs which prevent against both types may do this by different modes of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bronchial asthama ; Adrenergic theory ; α- and β-adrenoceptors ; Blood cells ; Age-dependent maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among the possible mechanisms which may cause wheezing or asthmatic episodes a genetically determined β-adrenoceptor blockade and a hyperresponsiveness of α-andrenoceptors has been postulated. Evidence to support this hypothesis stems from an increased bronchial sensitivity to β-blockers, a reduced formation of cyclic AMP in response to β-adrenergic stimulation and enhanced α-adrenergic responses in asthmatic subjects. The recent development of techniques for measuring the specific, high-affinity binding of radiolabeled α-and β-adrenergic antagonists made it possible to study α- and β-adrenoceptors in vitro. Based upon the assumption that a change in the number and/or affinity of adrenergic receptors might be a general phenomenon, we have performed α- and β-receptor binding studies on lymphocytes and platelets from wheezing infants and asthmatic children as well as of infants, children, and adults not suffering from these diseases. Using 125[I]-cyanopindolol (ICYP) and 3[H]-yohimbine (HYOH) as highly specific ligands for α- and β-adrenoceptors, the following results were obtained: (1) Lymphocytes and platelets from control subjects and asthamatics bound similar amounts of ICYP and HYOH and thus showed no differences either in the number or the affinity of α- and β-adrenoceptors. Lymphocytes and platelets of wheezing and nonwheezing infants also bound the same amounts of the radioligands. (2) In asthmatic children receiving 4×2 puffs salbutamol β-adrenoceptor were down-regulated and this may mimic β-adrenoceptor blockade. (3) When subjects were divided into four categories according to age (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 years, adults) the number of β-adrenoceptor binding sites showed an age-dependent increase. The number and affinity of α-adreneceptor binding sites on platelets was neither influenced by age nor disease. It is concluded that the α- and β-adrenoceptors of wheezing infants and asthmatic children at least on blood cells are normal. However the β-adrenoceptors show an age-dependent maturation process, which may account for an unresponsiveness to β-adrenoceptor agonists in wheezing infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 4 (1981), S. 255-259 
    ISSN: 0165-022X
    Keywords: normetanephrine determination ; radioenzymatic method
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 4 (1981), S. 261-270 
    ISSN: 0165-022X
    Keywords: dihydroxymandelic acid ; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ; dihydroxyphenylglycol ; radioenzymatic assay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Shy-Drager syndrome ; Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension ; Plasma catecholamines ; Circulatory regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Patientin mit Shy-Drager-Syndrom wurden Plasmakatecholamine und Kreislaufparameter untersucht. Die basalen Werte an freiem Noradrenalin und Dopamin waren im Normbereich, Adrenalin erniedrigt. Die Reaktion der Plasmakatecholamine auf verschiedene Arten körperlicher Belastung war deutlich pathologisch. Die Unfähigkeit, die Plasmakatecholamine vor allem während längerer Aktivität auf erhöhtem Niveau zu halten, entsprach der beeinträchtigten Kreislaufregulation und kann als weiteres diagnostisches Kriterium angesehen werden.
    Notes: Summary Plasma catecholamines and circulation parameters were studied in a patient with a Shy-Drager syndrome. Basal values of free noradrenaline and dopamine were within the normal range, whereas the adrenaline level was decreased. The response of plasma catecholamines to different kinds of physical activity was pathological. The inability to maintain elevated catecholamine levels during prolonged activity corresponded to impaired circulatory regulation and may provide an additional tool for diagnosis and monitoring of the Shy-Drager syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: TNF α ; IFN α-2b ; Leukocytes ; Cortisol ; ACTH ; CML
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During long-term interferon α-2b (IFN) therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients, short-term effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) on peripheral leukocyte counts, as well as cortisol and corticotropin (ACTH) release were studied. TNF (40–160μg/m2) was given as a 2-h infusion on 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks, in addition to s.c. daily IFN injections (4 mio U/m2), to four (two male/two female) patients, who had been treated for more than 8 months with IFN and additionally for 0–7 months with TNF. Leukocyte counts, cortisol, and ACTH were determined at 30-min intervals between 4 p.m. and midnight. Profiles were determined the day before and on day 1 of TNF therapy. Leukocyte numbers decreased 30 min after start of TNF administration and increased 30–60 min later with a rebound until the next TNF application. The increase of leukocyte counts was due mostly to neutrophil granulocytes. ACTH levels increased 30 min, cortisol 60 min, and leukocyte counts 90 min after start of TNF infusion. Metopirone, an inhibitor of cortisol synthesis given to one patient, suppressed the TNF-induced stimulation of cortisol secretion and subsequent increase of leukocyte counts, while ACTH blood levels were enhanced. It was concluded that leukocyte count increases after TNF/IFN administration might be related to TNF-evoked cortisol secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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