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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Epithelial mesenchymal interaction ; Epithelial differentiation ; Digestive tract ; Lung mesenchyme ; Pepsinogen gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We performed tissue recombination experiments to discover the mesenchymal influences on differentiation of epithelia in chicken digestive organs. Epithelia and mesenchymes were taken from the lung, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine and large intestine of 6-day chicken embryos and recombined in various associations and cultivated in vitro for 6 days. Rather unexpectedly, embryonic chicken pepsinogen (ECPg) gene, a marker of the proventricular epithelium, was induced in the gizzard epithelium, which does not express ECPg in normal development, by the proventricular and lung mesenchymes. In the second half of this study, we investigated the mode of action of mesenchymal cells on ECPg expression in gizzard epithelial cells more precisely using the cell aggregate culture system, in which gizzard epithelial cells were mixed with proventricular, gizzard or lung mesenchymal cells. We found that supporting action of lung mesenchymal cells on ECPg expression was even stronger than that of proventricular mesenchymal cells, and suggest that the action of lung mesenchyme may be due partly to the enhancement of epithelial cell proliferation. According to the results of this study, together with many facts obtained so far, we will discuss a new model for restricted expression of ECPg in the proventricular epithelium in normal development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Silent cerebral infarction ; adhesion molecules ; ICAM-1 ; VCAM-1 ; E-selectin ; carotid artery ; diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between complications arising from silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and changes in the levels of serum-soluble adhesion molecules in 82 elderly diabetic patients aged 60 years and older. SCI was found in 43 % of the 82 patients, with incidence increasing in relation to age. The prevalence of SCI was higher in subjects with hypertension, poor metabolic control and increased fibrinolysis. The levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and E-selectin (sE-selectin) were higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects (p 〈 0.05, p 〈 0.001, and p 〈 0.05, respectively). Also, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were found at increased levels in diabetic patients with SCI compared to those without SCI (p 〈 0.01 and p 〈 0.05, respectively). In particular, the level of sICAM-1 was increased in patients with SCI due to perforating arterial occlusion, while the level of sVCAM-1 was increased in patients with SCI due to cortical arterial occlusion. However, no significant difference was found in sE-selectin levels. Overall average of the intima and media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries increased with age. IMT proved to be greater in patients with SCI than in patients without SCI (p 〈 0.05), and showed a weak but significant positive correlation with sVCAM-1, while no correlation was found with either sICAM-1 or sE-selectin levels. In conclusion, measurement of serum adhesion molecules may be useful for diagnosing the early stages of brain damage and for prophylactic treatment which may prevent the onset or progression of SCI. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 911–917]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Norepinephrine infusion ; NEFA ; free glycerol ; lipolysis ; NEFA/glycerol ratio ; blood glucose ; ketone body metabolism ; obesity ; diabetes ; β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio ; insulin-like activity ; immunoreactive insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les actions de la noradrénaline infusée par voie intraveineuse à une dose de 0.08 μg/kg/min ont été explorées chez des sujets obèses et de poids normal, diabétiques et non diabétiques. Les paramètres suivants ont été étudiés: La lipolyse, mesurée par l'accroissement du glycérol libre et des acides gras plasmatiques non estérifiés (NEFA), l'élévation de la concentration sanguine des corps cétoniques et les concentrations plasmatiques de l'insuline immunoréactive (IRI) et de l'activité insulinique (ILA). Les sujets de poids normal, diabétiques et non diabétiques ont montré le même accroissement de la lipolyse. —Un accroissement de la lipolyse significativement plus élevé a été observé chez des sujets obèses, diabétiques et non diabétiques. Même pendant l'infusion les concentrations absolues du glycérol libre et des NEFA ont été plus élevées chez les sujets obèses que chez les diabétiques insulino-dépendants qui présentèrent les valeurs de départ les plus hautes. Les sujets obèses ont eu une lipolyse plus grande même lorsque la noradrénaline a été infusée à une dose proportionnelle au poids normal théorique. La cause en est probablement la plus grande quantité de tissu adipeux des sujets obèses. —Chez les obèses diabétiques et non-diabétiques, la concentration des corps cétoniques était plus élevée que chez les sujets de contrôle, ce qui est en accord avec la lipolyse augmentée chez les obèses. Les diabétiques de poids normal insulino-dépendants ont présenté cependant une élévation des corps cétoniques significativement plus forte que les obèses. — Ceci indique que chez l'homme la cétonémie ne dépend pas seulement des acides gras plasmatiques non estérifiés (NEFA). — L'accroissement plus fort du quotientβ-hydroxybutyrate/ acétoacétate chez les diabétiques insulino-dépendants suggère une oxydation plus grande des NEFA dans le foie. ILA et IRI ont réagi d'une manière différente à la noradrénaline. Ceci démontre de nouveau qu'un changement d'ILA peut indiquer un changement d'IRI, mais pas nécessairement. — Ces données suggèrent que le métabolisme des acides gras et des corps cétoniques du diabétique obèse est déterminé par l'élément «obésité», celui du diabétique dépendant de l'insuline par l'élément «manque d'insuline».
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung einer intravenösen Infusion von 0.08 μg/kg/min Noradrenalin auf die Lipolyse (gemessen am Anstieg des freien Glycerins und der unveresterten Fettsäuren (NEFA)), auf die Ketonkörper-konzentration im Blut und die Serumkonzentration des immunreaktiven Insulins (IRI) und der insulinähnlichen Aktivität (ILA) wurden bei normalgewichtigen und übergewichtigen Diabetikern und Nichtdiabetikern untersucht. — Normalgewichtige Diabetiker und Nichtdiabetiker zeigten die gleiche Lipolysesteigerung. Eine signifikant stärkere Lipolysesteigerung wurde bei den übergewichtigen Gruppen, sowohl bei Diabetikern, als auch bei Nichtdiabetikern, beobachtet. —Auch die absoluten Konzentrationen von freiem Glycerin und NEFA waren bei den fettsüchtigen Personen während der Infusion höher als bei den Insulinmangeldiabetikern, die die höchsten Ausgangswerte aufwiesen. Bei Fettsüchtigen wurde eine stärkere Lipolyse auch beobachtet, wenn Noradrenalin, auf kg theoretisches Normalgewicht dosiert, infundiert wurde. Als Ursache wird die größere Fettgewebsmasse der Adipösen angesehen. Bei fettsüchtigen Diabetikern und Nichtdiabetikern stieg die Ketonkörperkonzentration entsprechend der stärkeren Lipolyse stärker an als bei den Kontrollen. Die normalgewichtigen Insulmmangeldiabetiker zeigten jedoch einen signifikant höheren Ketonkörperanstieg als die Fettsüchtigen. Dies zeigt, daß beim Menschen die Ketonämie nicht allein von den peripheren NEFA-Spiegeln abhängt. Der höhere Anstieg desβ- Hydroxybutyrat/Acetoacetat Quotienten der Insulinmangeldiabetiker weist auf eine gesteigerte Fettsäureoxydation in der Leber hin. —ILA und IRI reagierten auf Noradrenalin in unterschiedlicher Weise. Dadurch wird wiederum demonstriert, daß ILA-Änderungen Änderungen der IRI bedeuten können, aber nicht müssen. 3-Nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen scheint für den Fettsäure- und Ketonkörperstoffwechsel des Altersdiabetes der Faktor Übergewicht, für den des normalgewich-tigen Insulinmangeldiabetikers der Faktor Insulinmangel bestimmend zu sein.
    Notes: Summary The effects of an intravenous infusion of norepinephrine, 0.08 μg/kg.min on lipolysis (as measured by an increase of free glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)), on the blood concentration of ketone bodies and on the serum concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and insulin-like activity (ILA) were studied in normal weight and obese nondiabetics and diabetics. Normal weight diabetics and nondiabetics showed the same increase in lipolysis. A significantly higher rate of lipolysis occurred in obese persons, irrespective of whether they were diabetic or not. Even the maximum absolute concentrations of free glycerol and NEFA during the infusion were higher in obese persons than in insulindependent diabetics, who showed the highest values before the beginning of the infusion. — In obese subjects, the infusion of norepinephrine according to the theoretical normal weight was still sufficient to produce a higher rate of lipolysis than in normal weight subjects. This probably reflects the greater mass of adipose tissue in obese subjects. — In diabetic and nondiabetic obese persons, the concentration of ketone bodies rose higher than in control subjects, which is in agreement with the higher rate of lipolysis in the obese groups. On the other hand, the normal weight insulin-dependent diabetics showed a significantly higher increase in the concentration of ketone bodies than the obese persons. This demonstrates that the degree of ketonaemia in man is not exclusively determined by the plasma level of NEFA. — The higher increase in theβ-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio in insulindependent diabetics points to a higher rate of oxidation of fatty acids in the liver. —ILA and IRI responded in a different way to norepinephrine infusion, demonstrating again, that changes in ILA can, but may not always reflect changes in immunoreactive insulin. According to these results, changes in the rate of lipolysis and in ketonaemia in obese diabetics are determined by the factor “obesity”, whereas changes in these parameters in insulindependent diabetics are determined by the factor “insulin deficiency”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Fructose-rich diet ; aldose reductase inhibitor ; ONO-2235 ; diabetic neuropathy ; polyol pathway ; sorbitol ; sciatic nerve ; retina ; erythrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were maintained on a 72% fructose diet for 4 weeks and some were treated with an aldose reductase inhibitor (either alrestatin: 0.9 g · kg−1 · day−1 or ONO-2235: 50 mg · kg−1 · day−1). Fructose feeding significantly influenced the development of impaired motor nerve conduction velocity in the diabetic rats and this effect was positively correlated with sorbitol accumulation in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats maintained on a fructose-rich diet. Treatment with ONO-2235, a new aldose reductase inhibitor, prevented both slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity and elevation of nerve sorbitol concentration. On the other hand, erythrocyte sorbitol levels were significantly correlated to those of the sciatic nerve (r=0.86, p〈0.001) and the retina (r=0.91, p〈0.001) in these animals. Thus, our findings suggest that increased polyol pathway activity may be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and erythrocyte sorbitol concentrations may prove a useful indicator for the presence of diabetic complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 22 (1997), S. 499 -501 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Agenesis of inferior vena cava—Azygos–hemiazygos continuation—Budd–Chiari syndrome—Congestive liver cirrhosis—Retroaortic left renal vein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A 35-year-old woman with clinical features of Budd–Chiari syndrome is presented. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and venography disclosed that the venous congestion in this patient resulted from complex venous anomalies including azygos–hemiazygos continuation, absent superior hepatic veins, and retroaortic transposition of the left renal vein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 18 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  We observed nishikinezumi, cinnamon-coloured (NC)/Fujita (F) mice aged between 5 and 28 weeks. These NC mice have skin eruptions that resemble human atopic dermatitis (AD) under conventional circumstances.Object  We investigated the skin of eruptive and non-eruptive lesions in NC/F mice by using haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, toluidine blue staining and immunohistopathological study with immunoglobulin (Ig)EɛRI, CD23, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, interferon (INF)-γ and Ia antigen.Results  Histological examination of the eruptive lesions revealed the perivascular infiltration of many lymphocytes and mast cells into the upper dermis. Intracellular oedema of the epidermis, lymphocyte infiltration into the epidermis and liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer were also observed. The numbers of IL-4 and IL-5 positive cells in the eruptive lesions were larger than those of the non-eruptive lesions. IL-4 and IL-5 positive cells in the eruptive lesions increased weekly. Some IFN-γ positive cells were observed in the eruptive lesions after 21 weeks. IFN-γ positive cells were scarce in the skin of both the non-eruptive and eruptive lesions before 21 weeks. Serum IgE increased from 7 weeks to 21 weeks.Discussion  We confirmed that these findings indicated that T helper (Th)2-dominant immunological activation transformed to a Th1-dominant situation. Many IgEɛRI positive cells were recognized in the dermis of the eruptive lesions by the time IgE had decreased. We assumed that the dermatitis before 21 weeks was an IgE-mediated allergy. We have previously reported that older NC/F mice had positive patch-test reactions to mites. Because serum IgE decreased after 21 weeks, dermatitis after 21 weeks might be associated more with cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity than with IgE-mediated immediate allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 64 (1975), S. 574-580 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 48 (1972), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 184 (1992), S. 1152-1157 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 186 (1992), S. 1368-1375 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] CGD; chronic granulomatous disease ; [abr] FNR; ferredoxin reductase ; [abr] phox; phagocyte oxidase (used to designate protein components of
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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