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  • 1
    ISSN: 1063-7826
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transformation of radiation-induced defects in p +-n-n + structures fabricated from highresistivity n-type silicon subjected to cyclic irradiation and annealing is investigated. The kinetic behavior of the increase in the concentration of the Ci-Oi defects is analyzed as a function of the detector fabrication process. During the second irradiation cycle a transformation of the defects, which were formed as a result of annealing of the original radiation defects, is observed. The appearance of “hidden” sources of deep center formation is revealed. It is established that the presence of a higher oxygen concentration, which arises in the samples as a result of the extended silicon oxidation process, results in a more active complex-formation of carbon-containing defects in comparison with samples with reduced oxygen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors describe an in vitro test for the demonstration of the hemagglutinating properities of a few antibiotics. The test method is as follows: Formalinized sheep erythrocytes in low ionic concentrations are agglutinated by high titers of polycationic antibiotics. It was still possible with the aid of this test to demonstrate 5γ polymyxin B, 48γ viocin, 20γ nebacetin and 22γ colistin sulphate. In addition to these direct hemagglutinating effects of the antibiotic agents the authors study the relationships between the individual antibiotics and between antibiotics and lysozyme and also their effect on hemmaglutination. It was found during these studies that polycationic antibiotics are capable of inhibiting the hemagglutination produced by lysozyme (and also that produced by polymyxin B). The authors feel that the cause for this phenomenon ist an additive increase of the charge (after mixing two polycations) and a paradoxical reaction which is thus produced.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein in-vitro-Test zum Nachweis hämagglutinierender Eigenschaften einiger Antibiotika beschrieben. Er besteht darin, daß formalinisierte Hammelcrythrozyten in niedriger Ionenstärke von polykationischen Antibiotika hochtitrig agglutiniert werden. Mit Hilfe dieses Testes konnten noch 5 γ Polymyxin B, 48 γ Viocin, 20 γ Nebacetin und 22 γ Colistinsulfat nachgewiesen werden. Neben diesen direkten hämagglutinierenden Wirkungen der Antibiotika wurden Wechselwirkungen zwischen einzelnen Antibiotika sowie zwischen Antibiotika und Lysozym und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Hämagglutination untersucht. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß polykationische Antibiotika die durch Lysozym (und auch die durch Polymyxin B) hervorgerufene Hämagglutination zu hemmen vermögen. Als Ursache für diese Erscheinung wird eine additive Ladungserhöhung (nach Mischen zweier Polykationen) und eine so bedingte paradoxe Reaktion angesehen.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic body myopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Desmin ; Intermediate filaments ; Actin filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a fine structural and immunocytochemical study, the latter performed on semithin sections of epoxy resin embedded skeletal muscle fibers, three types of cytoplasmic bodies were identified in a case of cytoplasmic body myopathy: (1) The first type, the classical type, showed a central core and a light halo with radiating actin filaments at the periphery. (2) The second type, the spheroid body was characterized by irregularly arranged granular masses associated with intermediate filaments. Desmin immunoreactivity occurred in the central and peripheral parts, where filaments of intermediate size were visualized by electron microscopy. Desmin immunoreactivity was noted also at the Z-bands of striated annulets, within areas of disordered myofibrils, such as sarcoplasmic masses, and in atrophic muscle fibers. (3) The third type of the cytoplasmic body was composed mainly of large masses of uneven granularity and electron density. The center of this type reacted to anti-actin antibody suggesting that the 5- to 6-nm filaments, which ultrastructurally proved to be a major component, were of the actin type. By contrast, neither intermediate filaments nor actin microfilaments were found by electron microscopy in cytoplasmic bodies in a second case where no immunoreaction to desmin or actin occurred. Anti-vimentin antibody stained only the cytoplasm of endomysial cells, but not the inclusion bodies. Some other, unusual inclusions with 18- to 20-nm tubulo-filamentous structures have to be distinguished from the various types of filaments in cytoplasmic bodies. It is concluded, that pleomorphism and heterogeneity of “cytoplasmic bodies” have to be taken into consideration when classifying cytoplasmic body myopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1349-1351 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Antithrombin III ; Plasma elimination Half-life ; Consumption coagulopathy ; Antithrombin III ; Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit ; Verbrauchskoagulopathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf einer schweren Gerinnungsstörung bei einem Säugling mit Sepsis und Schock wurden vor und während der Substitutionsbehandlung mit humanem Antithrombin wiederholt die Antithrombin-III Spiegel gemessen. Diese Daten wurden mit Hilfe einer Biexponentialfunktion mathematisch ausgewertet. Die Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit des Antithrombins betrug 7,5 bzw. 10,5 Stunden. Verglichen mit bekannten Plasma-Halbwertszeiten von radioaktiv markiertem Antithrombin III bei Erwachsenen war die Elimination um den Faktor 5–10 beschleunigt. Die deutlich erniedrigten Antithrombin III Spiegel in diesem Fall konnten also mindestens teilweise auf einen beschleunigten Umsatz des Antithrombins zurückgeführt werden. Die Bestimmung der Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit von Antithrombin III ist hilfreich bei der Abgenzung einer verminderten Produktion von einem gesteigerten Umsatz im Verlauf einer Koagulopathie. Die Diagnose einer disseminierten intravasalen Gerinnung kann so etwas sicherer gestellt werden. Die Vorteile der Antithrombin- Substitutionstherapie werden bei diesem Vorgehen genützt, die Nachteile radioaktiv markierter Proteine vermieden.
    Notes: Summary During the course of severe coagulopathy in an infant suffering from septicaemia and shock, antithrombin III levels were determined repeatedly before and during substitution therapy with human antithrombin. By mathematical analysis of these data, using a biexponential function, the plasma elimination half-life of the antithrombin III was estimated to be 7.5–10.5 h. Compared with known plasma half-lives of radioactively labelled antithrombin III in adults the increase was five-to ten-fold. This indicates that the significantly decreased levels of antithrombin III in this case of coagulopathy were at least partly due to an accelerated consumption of antithrombin III. The estimation of the plasma elimination half-life of antithrombin III helps to differentiate decreased production from increased consumption in cases of severe coagulopathy. Thus, a more precise diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation can be made whilst taking advantage of substitution therapy and avoiding the hazards of radioactive tracer proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 43 (1965), S. 375-382 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Growing rats on a standard diet contaminated with90Sr received various additional doses of vitamin A. With low doses of vitamin A no effects have been observed. With higher doses the following effects became evident: 1. Growth acceleration in the lower range (100 and 1000 IE), growth inhibition with 10000 IE. 2. The absorption of90Sr and calcium is slightly increased with doses of 100 and 1000 IE. With 10000 IE the absorption of90Sr ceases and the absorption of calcium is highly reduced. 3. Growth and calcification of the skeleton is disturbed on overdosage of vitamin A. The relation of anorganic: organic substances, however, is unchanged. On overdosage of vitamin A the retention of90Sr and calcium is decreased compared with the supply with food. 4. The excretion of90Sr and calcium in the urine decreases with increasing vitamin A doses as a result of the decreased absorption from the intestine. Under these conditions the blood level of90Sr is lowered, whereas the calcium level remains constant. 5. The discrimination during absorption is unspecifically improved by low vitamin A doses. High doses are without any influence to the discrimination because the absorption is blocked. The discrimination by the kidneys is highly improved over the hole range of vitamin A doses used. The discrimination by the skeleton with regard to the food content of calcium and90Sr is slightly improved by vitamin A.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wachsende Ratten erhielten bei einer konstanten Futterkontaminierung (90Sr) abgestufte Dosen von Vitamin A. Der Fall einer Avitaminose wurde nicht untersucht. Mäßig erhöhte Dosierung bringt kaum Effekte; steigert man die Zufuhr in unphysiologischer Weise auf 10000 IE/Tier und Tag, so werden Befunde deutlich: 1. DasWachstum wird durch kleine Vitamingaben gefördert. Überdosierung führt zu einer Wachstumsverzögerung. 2. DieResorption von90Sr und Calcium wird bei kleinen und mittleren Vitamindosen geringfügig verbessert. Bei sehr hohen Gaben kommt es zu einem Erliegen der Aufnahme von90Sr und zu einer starken Drosselung der Calciumaufnahme. 3. Ausbildung und Calcifizierung desSkelets werden bei überhöhtem Angebot von Vitamin A gestört. Das Verhältnis von anorganischem und organischem Knochenmaterial ist jedoch normal. Der Gesamtaufbau des Skelets erfolgt schleppend und unzureichend. Die Ausbildung der organischen Knochenmatrix ist gehemmt und die Einlagerung anorganischen Materials in das Skelet findet ein vorzeitiges Ende. Nur bei überhöhtem Vitaminangebot sind Effekte an der Einbaurate von90Sr und Calcium in das Skelet zu beobachten. Bezogen auf das Nahrungsangebot wird die Retention von90Sr und Calcium durch hohe Vitamingaben erniedrigt. 4. Die90Sr- und Calciumausscheidung im Harn sinkt mit steigender Vitaminversorgung leicht ab, ein Ausdruck für das verminderte Resorptionsangebot. Der Blutspiegel des90Sr wird durch das verminderte Resorptionsangebot und die Filtration der Niere herabgesetzt, während der Calciumspiegel konstant bleibt. 5. DieDiskriminierung bei der Resorption wird durch kleine Vitamingaben unspezifisch verbessert. Höhere Vitamingaben haben auf die Diskriminierung keinen Einfluß, da die Aufnahme von Mineralstoffen praktisch völlig zum Erliegen kommt. In beachtlicher Form wird dagegen die Diskriminierungsleistung der Niere gefördert und dies auch noch im Bereich der Hypervitaminose. Die Diskriminierung beim Aufbau des Skelets, bezogen auf die Nahrung, zeigt bei Verabfolgung von Vitamin A eine geringfügige Verbesserung.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 1055-1058 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Rats weighing 200 g obtained14C-caffeine solution either after starvation or after feeding carbohydrate, proteine or fat. The following differences in caffeine distribution in the fed rats compared with the starved ones were confirmed: caffeine absorption was clearly decreased, resulting in slow increase in14C-activity in the serum and the carcass. During the course of the experiment it was observed that the decline of14C-activity in serum and carcass was delayed and its excretion in the urine was decreased. Additionally caffeine distribution in the rat body showed certain changes which were accompanied by caffeine habituation in the animals after administration of14C-caffeine contained in coffee infusion for 14 days. In the coffee habituated animals the caffeine absorption was noticeably accelerated.14C-activity in serum increased initially quicker but finally showed a quicker decline. Governed by these effects the14C-excretion via kidney was increased and its rate was accelerated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 200 g schwere Ratten erhielten Lösungen von14C-Coffein entweder nüchtern oder nach vorheriger Verabreichung von Kohlenhydrat, Eiweiß und Fett. Die Nahrungszufuhr bedingte folgende Änderungen der Coffeinverteilung im Organismus gegenüber den nüchternen Tieren: die Coffeinresorption war deutlich verzögert, so daß die14C-Aktivitätswerte im Serum und Carcass nur langsam anstiegen. Im weiteren Verlauf des Versuches erreichte der Abfall der14C-Aktivität in Serum und Carcass und ihre Ausscheidung im Harn ein geringeres Ausmaß. Die Coffeinverteilung im Organismus zeigte außerdem bestimmte Änderungen bei Ratten, die im Anschluß an eine 14tägige Gewöhnunsperiode14C-Coffeinhaltigen Kaffee-Infus erhielten. Im Vergleich zu den nicht an Kaffee gewöhnten Ratten war hierbei die Coffeinresorption deutlich beschleunigt. Die14C-Aktivitätswerte im Serum stiegen anfangs schneller und höher an, zeigten anschließend aber einen rascheren Abfall. Auf Grund dieser Effekte war die14C-Ausscheidung durch die Niere erheblich beschleunigt und vermehrt.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 165-167 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Platelet-associated IgG ; Micro-enzyme-linked immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An enzyme linked immunoassay was developed using the microtiter system to measure platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). One single determination needs 2×106 platelets usually obtained from 3 ml blood anticoagulated with EDTA. Platelets are incubated with peroxidase-conjugated anti-human IgG. Its unbound fraction is adsorbed to an IgG coated microtiter plate, quantitated by a colour reaction and found to be inversely related to the amount of PAIgG. Healthy donors (n=40, aged 1 day to 35 years) possessed 3.6±2.0 (mean±S.D.) fg IgG/platelet. Increased levels of PAIgG were found in patients with acute (n=16) and chronic (n=5) idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Postrecovery platelets had normal values of PAIgG. Widely varying levels of PAIgG were found in patients with freshly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 43 (1965), S. 1065-1066 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 99 (1943), S. 526-532 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird nachgewiesen, daß viele bisherige Grundsatzbestimmungen unter einem Luftsauerstoffgemisch von etwa 40–50% Sauerstoff vorgenommen werden. 2. Es wird empfohlen, falls arterielle Sauerstoffdefizite nachgewiesen werden, die Bestimmung des wahren Grundumsatzes durchzuführen. 3. Zur Bestimmung des wahren Grundumsatzes wird das schon früher von derKölner Klinik beschriebene großeKnipping-System (über 1501 Volumeninhalt) verwendet. 4. Fast alle der hier untersuchten Fälle hatten arterielle Sauerstoffdefizite (es handelte sich um schwere, ausgedehnte Tuberkulosen). 5. Die Ergebnisse (Tab. 1) zeigen, daß der “Grundumsatzwert Sauerstoff” fast regelmäßig gegenüber dem “Grundumsatzwert Luft” erhöht ist. 6. Ohne die obengenannte Vorsichtsmaßregel kann bei der Grundumsatzbestimmung leicht der tatsächliche Grundumsatzwert durch die Sauerstoffdefizitauffüllung verwischt werden; statt einer bestehenden Herabsetzung wird eine Grundumsatzsteigerung gefunden. 7. In einer späteren Mitteilung soll der “Grundumsatzwert Luft” zu dem “Grundumsatzwert Sauerstoff” nach der völligen Defizitauffüllung in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 355-367 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Proto-oncogenes ; Tumor suppressor genes ; Testicular neoplasms ; Differentiation ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Changes in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes at the molecular level are associated with the development and progression of testicular GCTs (Fig. 3). Investigations at this level, however, are only in their initial stages, and therefore the overall genetic changes which lead to the development of a metastasizing tumor are not known. Investigations show however, that undifferentiated GCTs (seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, chorionepithelioma) display molecular changes that are different from those of differentiated GCTs (teratocarcinoma, mixed tumors). In undifferentiated GCTs the following changes have been demonstrated: an increased expression of the proto-oncogenes c-kit, N-myc, c-myc, and c-mos; mutations in N-ras; missing expression in the RB tumor-suppressor gene; and a general hypomethylation of the DNA. These events possibly lead to a blockade of the differentiation process, and these GCTs may therefore correspond to an earlier stage of embryogenesis. These changes, on the other hand, do not occur in GCTs with differentiated tissue parts. The conspicuous expression of the c-erbB1 and c-erbB2 proto-oncogenes and also that of the RB tumor-suppressor gene is clearly associated in these tumors with differentiation. Important events in the formation or progression of teratocarcinoma and of the partly differentiated nonseminoma are, moreover, a generally lower number of copies of chromosome 15, a possible LOH at the nm23 locus, and hypermethylation, which may result in a switching off of particular genes. How the above molecular changes actually provide a clinically relevant supplement to the traditional classification of GCTs must be demonstrated by further investigations.
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