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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Group B streptococci: types Ia, Ib, II, III ; IgG antibody levels ; Premature infants ; Early onset septicemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Sera from 33 newborn infants with gestational ages ranging from 27 to 41 weeks were tested by radioimmunoassay for IgG antibodies to surface antigens of group B streptococci (GBS) types Ia, Ib, II and III. Antibody levels to GBS antigens were positively correlated to gestational age and birthweight. However, only the correlations for anti-Ia and anti-II antibody levels reached statistical significance. Mean antibody concentrations in infants below 34 weeks of gestation were significantly lower for type Ia (P〈0.001), type II (P〈0.001) and type III (P=0.05) than in infants above this limit. These findings might explain the higher rate of serious GBS-infections found among prematures as compared to full-term infants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1988), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Metatarsus adductus ; Axis ; Rotation ; Lower extremity ; Children, term and preterm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A total of 484 premature children and a control group of 114 healthy term children underwent orthopaedic follow-up from birth to 5 years of age. At birth, metatarsus adductus was found to be more frequent in twins than in single infants (41% vs 16%; P〈0.01), but occurred with equal frequency in single preterm and term infants (16% vs 12%). By 5 years of age, metatarsus adductus had resolved in all the term but only in 81% of the preterm children (P〈0.05). In the preterm and term groups, knee axis (mean intermalleolar distance 22.0 mm vs 20.1 mm), tibial torsion (mean angle-1.2° vs +0.6°) and angle of gait (mean angle +1.5° vs +0.7°) at 5 years were statistically insignificant. Hip function at 5 years was similar in normal preterm and term children but significantly decreased in preterm children with cerebral palsy, more so with regard to abduction (56° vs 39°, P〈0.05) and extension (22° vs 8°, P〈0.01). The difference between the sexes was insignificant in both the preterm and term groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Aminophylline – Cerebral blood volume – Cytochrome c oxidase – Near infrared spectroscopy – Newborn infant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The effect of aminophylline on cerebral blood volume and oxidative metabolism in newborn infants was investigated with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Thirteen mechanically ventilated premature infants who received aminophylline to facilitate weaning from the respirator were selected. Gestational age ranged between 26 and 34 weeks, postnatal age between 1 and 7 days and birth weight between 760 and 2300 g. A bolus of 6 mg aminophylline/kg body weight was infused within 2 min. NIRS was performed continuously across the head to monitor changes in cerebral blood volume and cytochrome c oxidase. Heart rate, transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcpCO2) and arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) were recorded simultaneously. The infusion of aminophylline was associated with an increase in heart rate (median 12, interquartile range 5 – 20 beats per min, P=0.0004) and a drop in tcpCO2 (median −0.4, interquartile range −0.1 to −0.5 kPa, P=0.015). Oxygen saturation remained stable (±3%). A decrease in cerebral blood volume was measured with NIRS in 9/13 patients (median −0.15 ml/100 g brain tissue, interquartile range +0.08 to −0.28, P=0.10). Oxidized cytochrome c oxidase decreased in 11/13 patients (median −0.27 µmol/l, interquartile range −0.19 to −0.44, P=0.01). Our findings demonstrate an immediate step-response of heart rate and tcpCO2 to aminophylline in premature infants. The simultaneous reduction of cytochrome c oxidase in the brain cannot be explained as a consequence of changes in tcpCO2 or changes in cerebral blood volume. We therefore speculate that aminophylline interferes directly with cerebral metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 122 (1976), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Herpes simplex encephalitis ; Newborns ; IDU therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Frühgeborene Zwillinge mit Encephalitis bei generalisierter Herpes simplex-Virusinfektion (HSV-Infektion) wurden mit 5-Jodo-2′deoxyuridin (IDU) behandelt. Die Behandlung wurde bei Zwilling A am 6., bei Zwilling B am 5. Lebenstag nach Krankheits-beginn eingeleitet. Trotzdem starben beide Zwillinge, Zwilling A im Alter von 24, Zwilling B von 28 Tagen. Bei Zwilling A wurden Viruskulturen auch postmortal angelegt, wobei in allen untersuchten Organen HSV-Virus gefunden wurde. Der Vergleich zwischen unbehandelten Neugeborenen mit generalisierter HSV-Infektion mit Encephalitis und mit IDU behandelten ergibt zwar eine verminderte Mortalität bei der behandelten Gruppe, jedoch bleibt bei den Überlebenden der prozentuale Anteil von schwer geschädigten Kindern gleich hoch. Man kann sich deshalb fragen, ob die IDU-Therapie wirklich berechtigt ist.
    Notizen: Abstract Premature twins both affected with generalized herpes simplex infection including CNS involvement were treated with 5-Iodo-2′-deoxyuridin (IDU). Therapy was started 6 days and 5 days respectively, after appearance of the first symptoms. Nevertheless both babies died, twin A at the age of 24 and twin B at the age of 28 days. Herpes virus was cultured from all organs in twin A. The literature shows a decrease in mortality in children treated with IDU for herpes simplex encephalitis. The percentage of survivors with ultimate severe CNS damage, however, is very high and remains in treated or untreated patients the same. The institution of IDU therapy in neonates with manifest HSV encephalitis is therefore not unequivocally justified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 426-427 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Borrelia burgdorferi ; Pregnancy ; Infection ; Infant outcome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A serological survey over a 1-year period of 1416 mothers at delivery and their 1434 offspring for the presence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies revealed a prevalence of 0.85%. Clinically active Lyme disease during pregnancy was found in 1 of these 12 women with elevated titres and the child was born with a ventricular septal defect. Of six affected children, two had hyperbilirubinaemia, one muscular hypotonia, one was underweight for gestational age, one was macrocephalic, and one had supraventricular extrasystoles. Anomalous findings could not be attributed toB. burgdorferi due to a lack of serological evidence of intrauterine infection. Our data do not imply the need for serological screening in pregnancy, however, the importance of recognition and treatment of Lyme disease in pregnancy is emphasized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 288-291 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Premature infant ; Caffeine ; Hypoxaemia ; Bradycardia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fifty spontaneously breathing, preterm infants 48h old, of 32 weeks' gestation or less, were assigned randomly to receive caffeine citrate (loading dose 20 mg/kg, maintenance dose 10 mg/kg per day) or a placebo (NaCl 0.9%). The study hypothesis was that caffeine reduces the proportion of infants with recurrent hypoxaemic episodes (decrease in transcutaneous PO2 of 20% within 20ss) from 50% to 25%. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) and heart rate were recorded continuously for 50h and analysed by computer. The two groups were similar in gestational age, birth weight, delivery mode, sex distribution, and Apgar scores. The mean serum concentration (±SD) of caffeine 2h after the second maintenance dose was 96.0 (±34.5) μmol/l in the group receiving caffeine and 9.3 (±12.8) μmol/l in the group receiving a placebo. The mean proportion of infants with more than six hypoxaemic episodes per 12h in the caffeine groups was higher (57%) than in the control group (51%). The mean proportion of infants with more than six episodes of bradycardia per 12h was not statistically different in the caffeine group (79%) from the control group (86%). Our results suggest that prophylactic caffeine has little if any effect on the risk of developing hypoxaemic episodes and bradycardia in small preterm infants and the supposed 50% reduction which was considered clinically important at the start of the trial can be rejected with confidence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 992-992 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Streptococci group B ; Human gammaglobulin ; Intravenous therapy ; Neonatal septicaemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A human IgG preparation was given intravenously to 36 newborn infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit because of suspected septicaemia. IgG was given as a single dose of 0.4 g/kg body weight. Patients serum was obtained immediately before and 30 min after terminating the infusion. Blood was also withdrawn 2 days after giving the IgG in eight of the infants. The sera were tested by radioimmunoassay for IgG antibody levels to surface antigens of group B streptococci (GBS) types Ia, Ib, II and III and to R-protein. The mean increases in anti-type Ia, Ib, II, III and R-protein antibodies 30 min after the end of infusion were 81%, 73%, 49%, 60% and 69% of the preinfusion levels, respectively. This was followed by a rapid decrease during the following 2 days to 25%–32% of the initial increases. Based on the above findings, a controlled trial of passive immunisation in the management of neonatal GBS septicaemia seems justified. The rapid decline in antibody levels would necessitate a second infusion 24 h after the initial immunoglobulin administration if the suspicion of septicaemia persists.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Preterm children ; Intellectual development ; Speech ; School performance ; 5–9 years of age
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Intellectual development, speech and school performance of preterm infants with birth weight appropriate for gestational age are reported in two separate investigations: a longitudinal study of 97 preterm children and 93 term children as a control group, and a cross-sectional study of 249 preterm children. Both preterm groups were regarded as high risk groups with respect to number of outborns, distribution of gestational age and perinatal risk factors. Intellectual outcome at 5 and 7 years of age in the majority of the preterm children was comparable to that of the term children. However, 8% of the preterm boys and 2% of the preterm girls achieved lower IQ scores than any of the term children. Between 15% and 17% of the preterm boys and 9%–12% of the preterm girls did not attend school at grade level, compared to 4% and 2% in the term group, respectively. Intellectual and neurological development and school performance were higher interrelated in the preterm than in the term children. Articulation defects, stuttering and dysgrammatism occurred more frequently in the preterm than in the term children and in boys more so than in girls.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Maternal PKU syndrome ; Phenylketonuria ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Genotype/phenotype correlation ; Phenylalanine hydroxylase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, and developmental delay in two first cousins lead to the recognition of phenylketonuria (PKU) in their mothers, 24- and 23 year-old sisters with blood phenylalanine concentrations of approx. 1.2 mmol/l who had never been treated and had no overt mental retardation. Both mothers were shown to be homozygous for a point mutation leading to an Arg-to-Gln substitution at codon 261 of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene, a mutation which has been recently identified and tentatively associated with a mild variant of PKU. Our observation suggests that homozygosity for the Arg-261-Gln mutation can indeed result in “mild” PKU with little or perhaps no mental retardation, but also indicates that in such women, who may go unrecognized if not screened for, blood phenylalanine is elevated enough to cause the maternal PKU syndrome in their offspring.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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