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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 10314-10326 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Terahertz VRT laser spectra of four (H2O)2 intermolecular vibrations consisting of 362 transitions have been measured between 87 and 108 cm−1 with ca. 2 MHz precision. The results differ both qualitatively and quantitatively from the predictions of dimer potentials tested. The spectra also reveal an ordering of the intermolecular vibrations which differs dramatically from that predicted by normal mode analysis. Strong coupling is indicated between the low barrier tunneling motions and the intermolecular vibrations as well as among different vibrations. In particular the 102.1 cm−1 (H2O)2 vibration assigned as the acceptor wag (ν8) exhibits two types of perturbations. In one of these a component of Ka=1 coupling with a tunneling component of Ka=0 in the 108 cm−1 acceptor twist (ν11) vibration. There is also an indication that the 103.1 cm−1 (H2O)2 band assigned as the donor in-plane bend (ν6) is coupled to the acceptor wag resulting in a lower of the in-plane bend frequency and a higher acceptor wag frequency. Detailed analysis of the VRT levels confirms the extreme nonrigidity of this complex, indicating that the use of approximate models with reduced dimensionality to calculate its properties are likely to fail. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 10293-10313 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Terahertz laser VRT spectra of the water dimer consisting of 731 transitions measured with an average precision of 2 MHz and involving four (D2O)2 intermolecular vibrations (one previously published) have been measured between 65 and 104 cm−1. The precisely determined energy level patterns differ both qualitatively and quantitatively from the predictions of several dimer potentials tested, and reveal an ordering of the intermolecular vibrations which differs dramatically from that predicted by standard normal mode analysis. Strong coupling is indicated between the low barrier tunneling motions and the intermolecular vibrations as well as among different vibrations. Particularly, the 83 cm−1 (acceptor wag) and 90 cm−1 (D2O)2 (acceptor twist) vibrations interact through a Coriolis perturbation. These spectra provide the basis for our recent determination of the water pair potential. The corresponding data set for (H2O)2 is presented in an accompanying paper. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 4258-4267 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Infrared cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy has been used to study the O–H stretching vibrations of jet-cooled methanol clusters in direct absorption. Rovibrational bands for (CH3OH)2, (CH3OH)3, and (CH3OH)4 have been measured. Both bonded and free O–H stretches were measured for the dimer, indicating that its structure is linear. Five bands were assigned to the methanol trimer, indicating the presence of a second cyclic isomer in the molecular beam. A detailed study of the free O–H stretching region shows that methanol clusters larger than dimer must exist in cyclic ring configurations. In order to facilitate spectral assignment, harmonic frequencies and infrared intensities were calculated for the methanol monomer, dimer, and trimer with second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory. Using the theoretical infrared intensities and measured vibrational band absorptions, absolute cluster concentrations were calculated. Results agree with previous experimental and theoretical work. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 6306-6318 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The SWPS method is improved by the addition of H.E.G. contractions for generating a more compact basis. An error in the definition of the internal fragment axis system used in our previous calculation is described and corrected. Fully coupled 6D (rigid monomers) VRT states are computed for several new water dimer potential surfaces and compared with experiment and our earlier SWPS results. This work sets the stage for refinement of such potential surfaces via regression analysis of VRT spectroscopic data. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 9645-9647 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Tunneling patterns observed in the vibration–rotation–tunnelling spectrum of (H2O)5 measured near 2.7 THz established the time scale for bifurcation rearrangements to be approximately 40 ns. This relatively local process is likely to be relevant in the dynamics of liquid water and ice. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 10201-10206 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The infrared O–D stretching spectrum of fully deuterated jet-cooled water clusters is reported. Sequential red-shifts in the single donor O–D stretches, which characterize the cooperative effects in the hydrogen bond network, were accurately measured for clusters up to (D2O)8. Detailed comparisons with corresponding data obtained for (H2O)n clusters are presented. Additionally, rotational analyses of two D2O dimer bands are presented. These measurements were made possible by the advent of infrared cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-CRLAS) using Raman-shifted pulsed dye lasers, which creates many new opportunities for gas phase IR spectroscopy. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 921-932 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Several commonly used approximate methods for the calculation of vibration–rotation–tunneling spectra for (HCl)2 are described. These range from one-dimensional models to an exact coupled four-dimensional treatment of the intermolecular dynamics. Two different potential surfaces were employed—an ab initio and our ES1 experimental surface (determined by imbedding the four-dimensional calculation outlined here in a least-squares loop to fit the experimental data, which is described in the accompanying paper [J. Chem. Phys. 103, 933 (1995)]. The most important conclusion deduced from this work is that the validity of the various approximate models is extremely system specific. All of the approximate methods addressed in this paper were found to be sensitive to the approximate separability of the radial and angular degrees of freedom, wherein exists the primary difference between the two potentials. Of particular importance, the commonly used reversed adiabatic angular approximation was found to be very sensitive to the choice for fixed R; an improper choice would lead to results very much different from the fully coupled results and perhaps to false conclusions concerning the intermolecular potential energy surface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 933-949 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An accurate and detailed semiempirical intermolecular potential energy surface for (HCl)2 has been determined by a direct nonlinear least-squares fit to 33 microwave, far-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopic quantities using the analytical potential model of Bunker et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 146, 200 (1991)] and a rigorous four-dimensional dynamical method (described in the accompanying paper). The global minimum (De=−692 cm−1) is located near the hydrogen-bonded L-shaped geometry (R=3.746 A(ring), θ1=9°, θ2=89.8°, and φ=180°). The marked influence of anisotropic repulsive forces is evidenced in the radial dependence of the donor–acceptor interchange tunneling pathway. The minimum energy pathway in this low barrier (48 cm−1) process involves a contraction of 0.1 A(ring) in the center of mass distance (R) at the C2h symmetry barrier position. The new surface is much more accurate than either the ab initio formulation of Bunker et al. or a previous semiempirical surface [J. Chem. Phys. 78, 6841 (1983)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 8051-8063 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: With the Hamiltonian derived in the preceding paper and the ab initio potentials of T. Bürgi, S. Graf, S. Leutwyler, and W. Klopper [J. Chem. Phys. 103, 1077 (1995)] and of J. G. C. M. van Duijneveldt-van de Rijdt and F. B. van Duijneveldt [Chem. Phys. Lett. 237, 560 (1995)], we calculate the pseudo-rotation tunneling levels in a rotating water trimer. The internal motions are treated by a three-dimensional discrete variable representation and the Coriolis coupling with the overall rotation is included. Also the effects of donor tunneling are included, by introducing semi-empirical coupling matrix elements. New experimental data are presented for the c-type band at 87.1 cm−1 in (H2O)3, which show that specific levels in the donor tunneling quartets of this band are further split into doublets. With the results of our quantitative calculations and the model of the preceding paper we can understand the mechanisms of all the splittings observed in the earlier high-resolution spectra of (H2O)3 and (D2O)3, as well as these new splittings, in terms of pseudo-rotation tunneling, donor tunneling and Coriolis coupling. An unambiguous assignment is given of all the bands observed and analyzed. The ab initio potential of the Van Duijneveldts yields accurate energies of the lower pseudo-rotation levels, the potential of Bürgi et al. performs better for the higher levels. With our analysis we can deduce from the spectra that donor tunneling involves inversion of the trimer. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 6634-6644 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The far-infrared vibration–rotation–tunneling spectrum of (D2O)4 has been measured in the spectral region near 2.04 THz. Observation of additional transition doublets with a constant 5.6 MHz spacing in a parallel (c-type) spectrum extends the first detailed study of this cluster [Science 271, 59 (1996)]. Three possibilities are explored for the origin of this small splitting: tunneling between degenerate equilibrium structures via facile torsional motions analogous to those observed in the water trimer, tunneling between nondegenerate structural frameworks, and tunneling made feasible only through excitation of a specific vibrational coordinate. The degenerate tunneling scheme best accounts for the spectral features, although the precise dynamics responsible for the observed spectral features cannot be uniquely established from the present data. A further doubling of spectral features, observed only in the K=2 manifold of transitions for J≥3, is symmetric about the unperturbed symmetric top energy levels and shows an approximate J2 dependence of the spacing. The origin of these additional splittings, which are shown to be present in both upper and lower vibrational states of the spectrum, is likely to be due to an interaction between overall rotational angular momentum and the type of internal motion ("pseudorotation'') that gives rise to a manifold of low energy states in water trimer. The measured interoxygen separations in (D2O)n (n=2,3,4,5) are analyzed in order to quantify the contribution of many-body forces in bulk water. An exponential contraction of this property toward the value found in ordered ice is observed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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