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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capabilities of Disabled People Moving Horizontally and on an Incline (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 51-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): disabled ; movement horizontal ; inclined planes ; mobility aid ; characterization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is the second in a series of four that collectively provide a substantial body of knowledge on the egress capabilities of disabled people. Here, the results are given from an experimental program designed to determine the capabilities of disabled people to move on horizontal and inclined planes, broken down by presence or absence of a locomotion disability, degree of assistance required, and mobility aid used. The results of this study are presented in a form that is of use to all those involved in the difficult task of characterizing buildings and their occupants, which, it is suggested, are not mutually exclusive activities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015339216366
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ignition and Opposed Flow Flame Spread Using a Reduced Scale Attachment to the Cone Calorimeter (1998)
    Springer
    Fire technology 34 (1998), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract A reduced scale ignition and flame spread technique (RIFT) was implemented in the cone calorimeter test system to generate thermal and combustibility material response parameters normally associated with an intermediate scale test, LIFT. The magnitude of the parameters derived using RIFT compare favorably with those obtained using the standard LIFT apparatus. The results of the modified cone calorimetric system or RIFT can be used to generate more specific material combustibility characteristics associated with materials burning over time, helping to create and refine engineering models of solid phase combustion. When validated, such models would help us predict and control flame spread with more certainty.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015373301828
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combustibility Parameters for Enclosure Lining Materials Obtained During Surface Flame Spread Using a Reduced Scale Ignition and Flame Spread Technique (1998)
    Springer
    Fire technology 34 (1998), S. 197-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract A reduced scale ignition and flame spread technique, RIFT, was implemented in the cone calorimeter system to obtain thermocombustibility properties of enclosure lining materials during flame spread over the sample surface. Previously, a thermal model of ignition and opposed flow flame spread was used to analyze flame spread data obtained using RIFT. Here, a framework is discussed for deducing critical material combustibility parameters from the measured heat release and mass loss rates as the spreading flame proceeds to the point of flame extinction. The nature of the data and analytical framework allows users to deduce spreading flame flux from the heat release rate (HRR) and mass loss rate (MLR) data relatively economically and directly. The anomalies highlighted by comparing flame spread data in the RIFT system compared to data from the BS 476 Part 7 apparatus indicates that the RIFT system is well-suited for developing and refining models describing ignition, flame spread, and mass burning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015393806371
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Prevalence, Type, and Mobility of Disabled People (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 35-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): disabled ; characterization ; public assembly buildings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is the first in a series of four that collectively provide a substantial body of knowledge on the egress capabilities of disabled people who frequent public-assembly buildings. Here, the results are given of an analysis of survey data estimating the numbers and types of disabled people who are mobile beyond their own homes, the degree of assistance they require, the percentage of the total mobile population they constitute, and the extent to which they are involved in sports and leisure pursuits. This information can be used to derive working estimates of the prevalence and nature of disability among building populations when characterizing building occupancies, a prerequisite to fire engineering.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015335132296
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capability of Disabled People to Negotiate Doors (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 68-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): disabled ; doors ; closing forces ; time required ; characterization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is the third in a series of four that collectively provide a substantial body of knowledge on the egress capabilities of people with disabilities. It presents the results of an experimental program to determine the ability of disabled people to negotiate doors with closing forces that range from 20 N to 70 N. The results indicate that many disabled people find it impossible to negotiate doors, even at relatively low closing forces, and that the time it takes disabled people to negotiate doors can vary considerably. The results of this study are presented for the use of those involved in the difficult task of characterizing building occupancies with respect to their egress capabilities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015391217275
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Methodological problems associated with the Use of the Delphi technique (1987)
    Springer
    Fire technology 23 (1987), S. 175-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Fire evaluation ; expert ; consensus ; stability ; reliability ; validity ; scaling measurement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract In this article some of the methodological problems associated with using the Delphi technique for the development of a Firesafety Evaluation (Points) Scheme are examined. These problems relate to: questionnaire design, the merits and demerits of Delphi groups versus panel groups, the definition of key terms (such as expert, consensus and stability), the reliability, validity and level of measurement achieved by Likert-type scaling techniques, and the differences in the decisionmaking processes of expert and nonexpert groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01036934
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capability of People with Disabilities to Read and Locate Exit Signs (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): disabled ; seeing impaired ; exit signage ; characterization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is the fourth and last in a series of papers that collectively provide a substantial body of knowledge on the egress capabilities of people with disabilities. It presents the results of an experimental program designed to determine the ability of disabled people to locate and read three types of code-compliant exit signs: non-illuminated, internally illuminated, and Light Emitting Diode (LED) signs. The results indicate that for people with seeing impairments, LED signs are the easiest to see and read. The results of this study are presented for the use of those involved in the difficult task of characterizing building occupancies with respect to their egress capabilities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015395318183
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Letters to the editor (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140206
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of geometry and ignition mode on ignition times obtained using a cone calorimeter and ISO ignitability apparatus (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 17 (1993), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Three timber-based materials were investigated by subjecting them to a constant uniform heat flux in the range 20-70 kW m-2 using a Cone Calorimeter and the ISO Ignitability Apparatus. The specimens were examined in the vertical and horizontal orientations in the Cone Calorimeter using gas flame pilot, spark pilot and spontaneous methods of ignition. They were also studied using the ISO Ignitability Apparatus in the normal and inverted horizontal orientations using gas flame pilot and spontaneous methods of ignition. The results obtained are compared by specimen, orientation and mode of ignition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810170105
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluating ignition data using the flux time product (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 18 (1994), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A protocol based on the flux time product (FTP)1 is used to analyze ignition data obtained from the Cone Calorimeter under an impressed flux in the range 20-70 KWm-2 for different orientations and modes of ignition for conditioned cellulosic materials. The mean, maximum and minimum ignition times are depicted graphically by orientation and mode of ignition. Flux time products, FTP indices, critical irradiances and estimates of the convective heat loss associated with a change in specimen orientation are derived using the mean time-to-ignition data. It is demonstrated that consideration of the thermal thickness of a specimen may not be necessary when the proposed FTP methodology is utilized to determine valid correlations between the time-to-ignition and the incident radiant flux.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180407
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