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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Barrier voltage deformation of ZnO varistors by current pulse (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The phenomenon of electrical degradation in ZnO varistors was studied by application of high-intensity current pulses. A wave shape of 8×20 μs and rectangular waves of 1 and 2 ms were used. The degradation was estimated by reference electric-field variation and by Schottky voltage barrier deformation. The results showed that current pulses reduce both the height and the width of the barrier voltage. It was also observed that the donor density Nd did not change but the surface states density Ns decreased with degradation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352175
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of killer effect in fermentations conducted by mixed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 71 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The present work reports on population dynamics in musts (pH 3.2) inoculated with pairs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild strains. Two assays determined the growth of both killer and sensitive strains; the latter were not totally eliminated from the must and non-proliferating populations were detected. Another two were carried out with two killer or two sensitive strains, respectively; the exponential growth of the two populations was observed in both cases. The succession of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains was seen to be common in the four assays; only one strain proved to have the ability to complete fermentation, whereas the other disappeared after 28 days of fermentation. The most important fermentation compounds were estimated at the end of fermentations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03846.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of higher alcohols, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and other compounds by 14Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains isolated from the same region (Salnés, N.W. Spain) (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 539-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Aroma ; compound ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; wine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Fourteen strains of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from three wineries in the Salnés wine region (N.W. Spain) at the three different periods of the natural fermentation. Each wild yeast was screened for production of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, isobutanol,n-propanol, amylic alcohol and other important enological compounds during laboratory scale fermentations of grape juice. After 25 days at 20°C, the analytical results evidenced variations in the production of acetaldehyde (from 13.1 to 24.3 mg/l), isobutanol (from 27.7 to 51.1 mg/l), amyl alcohols (from 111 to 183 mg/l) and ethyl acetate (from 19.3 to 43.7 mg/l). Although isolated from the same wine region, differences in the wine composition were observed depending on the particular yeast strain used for the vinification experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201958
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improvement of the alcoholic fermentation of grape juice with mixed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild strains. Negative effect of Kloeckera apiculata (1991)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Four assays were designed to study the fermentative behaviour of two selected wild strains of Saccharomyces cerevislae when inoculated in sterilized grape juice either alone or in association. In addition, a wild strain of Kloeckera apiculata was employed for studying and characterizing the influence of this micro-organism on the fermentations when associated with Sacch. cerevisiae. Fermentation was improved when the two strains of Sacch. cerevisiae were grown together since the residual sugar fell to 0.12% and ethanol increased up to more than 11% (v/v). In this case, a proliferation of the two strains with successive exponential phases was observed. On the other hand, when Kloeckera apiculata was incorporated into the fermentations, these were incomplete with a residual sugar level of 1.64% and a final ethanol concentration of 6.4%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303374
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of the curing of the killer phenotype inSaccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains on their fermentative behaviour (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Curing ; fermentative behaviour ; killer ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Fermentative behaviour and cell growth have been studied in grape juice inoculated either with two killerSaccharomyces cerevisiae wild strains or with their Acridine Orange-cured isogenic counterparts. The number of viable cells/ml at the beginning of the fermentation, as well as during exponential growth, were higher in grape juices inoculated with the cured strains. The CO2 production, fermentative rate and ethanol and acetic acid production were also higher in the cured strains, particularly during the stage of active fermentation. These differences, however, were minimal at the end of the fermentations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01195835
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Retropubic vaginal urethropexy for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence with prolapse (1992)
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 3 (1992), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Schlagwort(e): GSI surgical treatment ; Retropubic vaginal urethropexy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a 5-year experience performing vesicovaginal fascial sling operation (VVFSO) for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence associated with prolapse. This original technique, plus others to correct prolapse, was employed in 41 women evaluated preand postoperatively with traditional clinical and urodynamic methods. Essentially the procedure is a transvaginal retropubic urethrocystopexy by means of two fascial strips, obtained from the central part of the cystocele, crossed beneath the urethrovesical junction and fixed to the periostium of the lower retropubis on each side. All 41 patients were followed for 1–5 years, with 39 of them cured (95.1%) and 2 failed (4.9%). A significant postoperative increase in the maximal urethral closure pressure, from 10–35 cmH2O with a mean of 18, was found. The VVFSO is an easy vaginal procedure, which provides a high success rate in correcting GSI associated with prolapse.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372642
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new interpretation for the degradation phenomenon of ZnO varistors (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5325-5329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The electrical degradation phenomena of zinc oxide-based varistors were studied using a high-energy current pulse and a.c. polarization at different temperatures. Activation energy measurements during the degradation process showed that these phenomena are associated with diffusion and that the diffusion-controlling species are slower than Zn., For degradation promoted by current pulses of 8×20 μs, the Schottky potential barrier deformation was measured. A decrease in height and width of the potential barrier due to the reduction of surface states density,N s, without a significant change in donor density,N d, was observed. To explain these results, a modification of the unstable components model is proposed for the potential barrier in which the degradation is due to oxi-reduction reactions between atomic defects. These reactions promote the elimination of zinc vacancies and/or adsorbed oxygen on the grain boundaries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02403838
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new interpretation for the degradation phenomenon of ZnO varistors (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5325-5329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The electrical degradation phenomena of zinc oxide-based varistors were studied using a high-energy current pulse and a.c. polarization at different temperatures. Activation energy measurements during the degradation process showed that these phenomena are associated with diffusion and that the diffusion-controlling species are slower than Zn., For degradation promoted by current pulses of 8×20 μs, the Schottky potential barrier deformation was measured. A decrease in height and width of the potential barrier due to the reduction of surface states density,N s, without a significant change in donor density,N d, was observed. To explain these results, a modification of the unstable components model is proposed for the potential barrier in which the degradation is due to oxi-reduction reactions between atomic defects. These reactions promote the elimination of zinc vacancies and/or adsorbed oxygen on the grain boundaries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553413
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of different physico-chemical conditions on malolactic fermentation of fourLactobacillus plantarum wild strains isolated from wines of northwestern Spain (1991)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 13 (1991), S. 781-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Four strains ofLactobacillus plantarum, were tested for malolactic fermentation under conditions of variations in temperature, pH and SO2, L-malate and ethanol levels. When the pH value was below 3.5, malolactic fermentation was lower and was more sensitive to temperature changes. Malolactic fermentation decreased when the SO2 and ethanol levels were increased. The effects of L-malate levels were not significant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026759
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ZnO clusters models: An AM1 and MNDO study (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 643-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: AM1 and MNDO semiempirical electronic calculations have been carried out for ZnO surface ((ZnO)n, n = 11, 16, 22, 24, 33, 42, and 44) cluster models. The theoretical results can be summarized as follows: (i) the energy gap HOMO-LUMO is shown to be dependent on the cluster size and geometry optimization; however, better agreement of this gap with experimental data is obtained with cluster of limited size (n = 16, 22, and 24). (ii) The Mulliken charge of the cluster zinc ion is invariant with the optimization procedure, showing an average value of 0.52 a.u. (MNDO) and 0.62 a.u. (AM1). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560480858
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