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  • Grasshopper  (2)
  • polyphagy  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interactions between two neurons in contact chemosensilla of the grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Contact chemosensilla ; Grasshopper ; Inhibition ; Nicotine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The tibial contact chemosensilla of Schistocerca americana contain several neurons, one of which responds to nicotine hydrogen tartrate and certain other compounds. The activity of this cell is sometimes briefly interrupted by the firing of a second cell in the same sensillum which usually only fires a few times in the first 500 ms of a stimulation. The evidence suggests that the nicotine-sensitive cell is directly inhibited by the activity of the second cell. Not all cells in the sensillum produce the same effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192578
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phenotypic plasticity in numbers of antennal chemoreceptors in a grasshopper: effects of food (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 183 (1998), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Phenotypic plasticity ; Chemoreceptors ; Antenna ; Grasshopper ; Salicin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Grasshoppers, Schistocerca americana, reared from hatching on artificial diet had fewer sensilla on the antennae in the final larval stage than insects reared on lettuce. This was true of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla (presumed olfactory) and trichoid sensilla (presumed gustatory). The degree of difference varied along the antenna and with sensillum type. Adding salicin to the diet restored the numbers of all types of sensillum to levels equal to, or approaching, those in lettuce-fed insects. The addition of some volatile compounds – carvone (monoterpene), chalcone (flavonoid), citral (monoterpene) and guaiacol (phenolic) – resulted in slight increases in number, but coumarin (phenylpropanoid) had no effect. None of the compounds, either singly or in combination, produced more sensilla than were present in plant-fed insects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050235
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monophagy in a polyphagous grasshopper,Schistocerca shoshone (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): grasshopper ; monophagy ; polyphagy ; Simmondsia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The feeding behavior of different populations of the grasshopper,Schistocerca shoshone, was investigated in the southwestern United States. Insects from three riparian populations, with a broad spectrum of plants available to them, tended to eat plants roughly in relation to their availability except that broad-leaved herbaceous plants were avoided. Insects from a desert population in a plantation ofSimmondsia fed exclusively on that plant, as did those from another population in the Tucson mountains, despite the availability of a range of other plants. Insects from a third desert population, near Portal, fed mainly onProsopis, the dominant woody plant. In detailed behavioral experiments in the laboratory, insects from Tucson mountains readily acceptedSimmondsia, and less readily acceptedProsopis. Three other common woody plants from the habitat were generally rejected without feeding. Insects from Portal acceptedProsopis andSimmondsia with approximately equal readiness. Breeding experiments suggested that the differences between the plantation insects and those from Portal was genetic and not induced by experience. The insects from both populations were potentially polyphagous and ate a wide range of plants in the laboratory if given no alternative.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382477
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between plant acceptability and suitability for survival and development of the polyphagous grasshopper,Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 411-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): development ; food aversion learning ; grasshopper ; habituation ; plant acceptability ; polyphagy ; survival
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The feeding behavior of final-instar nymphs ofSchistocerca americana was observed when they first encountered plants that ranged in acceptability from being eaten in large amounts to not being eaten at all. Growth and survival on the same plants through the last stadium were also studied and the results combined as a suitability index to facilitate comparison with the behavior. Although the plants that were eaten most gave the highest suitability index and those that were not eaten permitted no survival, there was no simple relationship between the amounts eaten and the suitability for growth and survival. The possibility that the insects might become habituated to plants that were initially unacceptable was investigated, but no habituation was found over a 3-day period. It is suggested that food intake is largely determined by the presence of deterrent compounds in the less acceptable foods and that nutritional differences between the plants are likely to have been of minor importance. The behavior on some foods suggests that food aversion learning may be involved. It is concluded that the variability of the insects' behavior makes it impossible to predict the suitability of a plant from their immediate behavioral responses. In the field, insects may sometimes reject foods that would be suitable for survival and development, and feed on plants that are nutritionally deficient or even toxic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025441
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