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Digitale Medien

Activation of Class II or III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Protects Cultured Cortical Neurons Against Excitotoxic Degeneration (1995)

Bruno, V. ; Battaglia, G. ; Copani, A. ; [weitere]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1460-9568

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, a mixed agonist of all metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) subtypes, is known to produce either neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects. We have therefore hypothesized that individual mGluR subtypes differentially affect neurodegenerative processes. Selective agonists of subtypes which belong to mGluR class II or III, such as (2s, 1′R,2′R,3′R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (DCG-IV) (specific for subtypes mGluR2 or 3) or L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate and L-serine-O-phosphate (specific for subtypes mGluR4, 6 or 7), were highly potent and efficacious in protecting cultured cortical neurons against toxicity induced by either a transient exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or a prolonged exposure to kainate. In contrast, agonists that preferentially activate class I mGluR subtypes (mGluR1 or 5), such as quisqualate or trans-azetidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, were inactive. DCG-IV was still neuroprotective when applied to cultures after the toxic pulse with NMDA. This delayed rescue effect was associated with a reduction in the release of endogenous glutamate, a process that contributes to the maturation of neuronal damage. We conclude that agonists of class II or III mGluRs are of potential interest in the experimental therapy of acute or chronic neurodegenerative disorders.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00712.x

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Digitale Medien

Electromagnetic fission of238U at 600 and 1000 MeV per nucleon (1995)

Rubehn, Th. ; Müller, W. F. J. ; Bassini, R. ; [weitere]

Springer

The European physical journal 353 (1995), S. 197-204

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ISSN: 1434-601X

Schlagwort(e): 25.75.+r ; 25.85.-w ; 27.90.+b

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Abstract Electromagnetic fission of238U projectiles at E/A =600 and 1000 MeV was studied with the ALADIN spectrometer at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS. Seven different targets (Be, C, Al, Cu, In, Au and U) were used. By considering only those fission events where the two charges added up to 92, most of the nuclear interactions were excluded. The nuclear contributions to the measured fission cross sections were determined by extrapolating from beryllium to the heavier targets with the concept of factorization. The obtained cross sections for electromagnetic fission are well reproduced by extended Weizsäcker-Williams calculations which include E1 and E2 excitations. The asymmetry of the fission fragments' charge distribution gives evidence for the excitation of the double giant-dipole resonance in uranium.