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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fixed-bed reactors for phase-transfer catalysis. A study of a liquid-liquid-solid reaction (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 25 (1986), S. 878-885 
    Details
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200035a007
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Membrane Expression and Function of Complement Receptors CR1 and CR3 on Neutrophils from HIV-Infected Subjects: Modulation by rTNF-α and rGM-CSF (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We evaluated membrane expression and function of complement receptors CR1 and CR3 on neutrophils from 27 HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects (14 in the CDC class III and 13 class IV) as well as their modulation in vitro by recombinant tumour necrosis factor-α (rTNF-α) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF). While CR1 was expressed at similar levels on neutrophils from controls and HIV+ subjects. CR3 expression was significantly higher in CDC class IV subjects than in healthy controls. CR1 and CR3 expression was significantly increased after treatment of neutrophils with both cytokines, without differences between controls and HIV+ subjects. Similarly, the superoxide anion (O2) production in response to C3-coated zymosan (C3zy) was significantly enhanced on neutrophils from CDC class IV subjects when compared with controls. rGM-CSF and rTNF-α treatment significantly enhanced the spontaneous as well as C3zy-stimulated O2 production by neutrophils from controls and CDC class III subjects, and induced an upward trend in the CDC class IV group. These results indicate that the neutrophils of HIV+ patients are preactivated in vivo but they also indicate that these cells may correctly respond to a subsequent particulate stimulus as well as to activating cytokines. Our findings suggest that desensitization or functional exhaustion of complement receptors are not implicated in the abnormalities observed on neutrophils from HIV+ patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03222.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histological study of the development and sex differentiation of the gonad in the European eel (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 48 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The histological structure of the gonads was studied in yellow eels sampled from a coastal lagoon and from stocks reared in an aquaculture plant showing different sex ratios. Gonad development related to body size rather than to age and underwent an intermediate stage characterized by a structure of an early testis but containing oogonia and oocytes. This gonad was called the Syrski organ and the stage juvenile ambisexual. Ovaries were found in eels from 22–30 cm in length, possibly derived from undifferentiated gonads or from Syrski organs. Fully differentiated testes were found in eels 〉35 cm, derived from Syrski organs. These observations support the results of previous research. From elvers and in eels up to 15–16 cm in length, growth of the gonadal primordium is due to primordial germ cell migration. In eels 〉 15 cm multiplication of primordial cells begins. Oogonial clones were found in eels 〉 18 cm in length, whilespermatogonium B clones were observed in eels 〉30 cm in length. The dynamics of sex differentiation was different among stocks with different ultimate sex ratios: ovaries were found in shorter eels in stocks with a prevalence of females, in longer eels in stocks with a prevalence of males. This result supports the hypothesis of a metagametic (environmental) sex determination. The somatic cells in contact with germ cells and those in the interstitium appeared early during gonad development and preceded germ cell differentiation. This suggests that somatic cells are the targets of the environmental factors influencing sex differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01443.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of diet supplementation with carp ovary on gonad differentiation and growth of the European eel (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Treating elvers of European eel Anguilla anguilla with mature carp ovary for 3–6 months during early growth induced female differentiation in 51·6–66·7% of treated animals compared with c. 5% in controls. The treatment also induced differentiation of ovaries in eels 〈13 cm LT and a higher number of Syrski organs with ambisexual characters, and was most effective when administered at an early growth stage. The results could be attributed to the natural steroid content of the carp ovary. The total weight of treated animals at the end of the farm experiment was 84·7% higher than controls. The specific growth rate for weight was significantly higher in female yellow eels than in males, for both control and treated groups. The enhanced growth was related to induced feminization. A diet supplementation with mature carp ovary could be a good approach to control of sex differentiation and growth in eels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02228.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex differentiation in the European eel: histological analysis of the effects of sex steroids on the gonad (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of sex steroids on sex differentiation in the European eel were studied. The steroids, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE), were given in the diet to 6–8 cm elvers and to 15–18 cm and 22–25 cm yellow eels. In our rearing conditions a very large percentage of the untreated eels developed as males. No masculinizing effect of MT could be demonstrated. The EE, administered at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 of diet to 6–8 cm elvers and 15–18 cm eels, induced ovarian differentiation in about 90 and 65% of eels respectively, while in the control 〈5% of females was recorded. In 22–25 cm yellow eels a moderated feminizing effect was observed.Histological analysis of the gonads of treated eels showed that sex steroids affect the gonadal structure. The androgen stimulates hypertrophy of compact connective tissue, early differentiation of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and early formation of the spermatic duct. Oestrogen inhibits the differentiation of these structural components and stimulates the differentiation of follicular cells and an ovarian structure.The involvement of gonadal structural components is discussed in relation to the effect of steroid treatment and to the peculiarities of sex differentiation in the European eel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01909.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gonad differentiation and body growth in Anguilla anguilla L. (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 24 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Using histological sections, the gonads of samples of yellow and silver eels of two populations were examined. The populations were previously analysed for growth and sex ratio. The histological structures observed are similar to those described in previous publications for the European eel, Anguilla anguilla and to those indicated for the Pacific eel, A. japonica. Well differentiated gonads are present in the silver eels. In the yellow eels, ranging in age from 0 + to 2 + years and from a length of 20 cm to that at which they become silver, undif-ferentiated and both sex gonads are found. Histological evidence is presented which suggests that the ovary, found even in young and small eels, is completely differentiated at a very early stage. The testis-like gonad of the yellow eel is a more primitive, and possibly reversible, gonad which differentiates completely at the beginning of sexual maturation and the change to the silver phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04792.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antimicrobial actions of α-MSH peptides – implications for mucocutaneous host defense (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Endogenous antimicrobial peptides are components of the innate host defense system that prevents microbial penetration before the time-consuming adaptive immunity starts. We have recently demonstrated that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) has antimicrobial effects. The antimicrobial influences of α-MSH are exerted through a unique mechanism, which appears to be linked to the cAMP-inducing activity of the peptide. This mechanism mimics the influence of α-MSH in mammalian cells in which the peptide binds to G-protein-linked melanocortin receptors, activates adenylyl cyclase, and increases cAMP. In an attempt to improve the antimicrobial activity of α-MSH and to better understand the peptide structure–activity relations, we designed and synthesized novel peptide analogs. In this structure–activity study, we discovered several compounds that have greater antimicrobial activity than α-MSH. The peptide [DNal-7, Phe-12]-α-MSH (6–13) was the most potent of the analogs tested. This compound killed almost 100% of Candida cells and had substantial antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Enhanced antimicrobial activity of the Phe-12-substituted peptides was the most distinctive feature relative to effects in mammalian cells. The results are very encouraging in that they show the great potential of α-MSH peptides as a truly novel class of antimicrobial compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00212t.x
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