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  • Electronic Resource  (28)
  • 1995-1999  (28)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic Measurement of Stress in Pin and Hanger Connections (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 18 (1999), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: acoustoelasticity ; stress ; EMATs ; bridges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Pin and hanger connections are used in bridges to suspend an interior span from the outer spans. The connections can sometimes lock up due to corrosion. If lockup occurs the stresses in the connection are cycled due to thermal expansion and contraction of the bridge; fatigue cracking and failure may occur. We constructed an apparatus to simulate a locked-up pin and hanger connection. We performed proof-of-concept tests of a method to detect stresses in pin and hanger connections. The method uses the stress-induced changes in sound velocity of shear waves polarized parallel and perpendicular to the hanger axis. The birefringence is the normalized difference in these shear wave velocities. We measured the birefringence at opposite sides of the hangers, at midsection. We simulated three scenarios: continuous monitoring of hanger status; intermittent monitoring from a known initial state; measurement with no a priori knowledge of hanger status. Good agreement with strain gauge data was obtained for all three scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021860727643
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apamin-sensitive, small-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels mediate cholinergic inhibition of chick auditory hair cells (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 455-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Apamin ; BK ; Charybdotoxin ; Cochlea ; SK ; AbbreviationsACh acetylcholine ; Chtx charybdotoxin ; IK(ACh) acetylcholine-evoked potassium current ; SHC short hair cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acetylcholine released from efferent neurons in the cochlea causes inhibition of mechanosensory hair cells due to the activation of calcium-dependent potassium channels. Hair cells are known to have large-conductance, “BK”-type potassium channels associated with the afferent synapse, but these channels have different properties than those activated by acetylcholine. Whole-cell (tight-seal) and cell-attached patch-clamp recordings were made from short (outer) hair cells isolated from the chicken basilar papilla (cochlea equivalent). The peptides apamin and charybdotoxin were used to distinguish the calcium-activated potassium channels involved in the acetylcholine response from the BK-type channels associated with the afferent synapse. Differential toxin blockade of these potassium currents provides definitive evidence that ACh activates apamin-sensitive, “SK”-type potassium channels, but does not activate carybdotoxin-sensitive BK channels. This conclusion is supported by tentative identification of small-conductance, calcium-sensitive but voltage-insensitive potassium channels in cell-attached patches. The distinction between these channel types is important for understanding the segregation of opposing afferent and efferent synaptic activity in the hair cell, both of which depend on calcium influx. These different calcium-activated potassium channels serve as sensitive indicators for functionally significant calcium influx in the hair cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050406
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro activity and selection of disk content for disk diffusion susceptibility tests with trovafloxacin (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 678-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691159
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods of measuring susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to trovafloxacin, including quality control parameters (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 676-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three methods approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria were used to evaluate the fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin. The methods gave essentially comparable results with 126 anaerobes and with three quality control strains. A collaborative study defined the quality control range for trovafloxacin MICs. Trovafloxacin had good in vitro activity against the more common anaerobes (MIC 90 〈- 2.0 (Μg/ml). Trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) is a fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity (1–3). Its in vitro spectrum includes many anaerobic bacteria (4).The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) currently recommends three different methods for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria (5). The standard reference method is an agar dilution procedure using Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Two alternative methods are an agar dilution technique using Brucella blood agar and a microdilution procedure using a broth version of Wilkins-Chalgren medium. It is important to determine whether these three procedures actually produce identical test results with each antimicrobial agent likely to be tested against anaerobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691158
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Provisional Quality Control Parameters and Interpretive Criteria for Testing Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (RP59500) (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Keywords: Key words Quinupristin/dalfopristin ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Quality control ; Susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Studies were undertaken to select tentative criteria for susceptibility testing of quinupristin/dalfopristin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Against 612 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, MICs of quinupristin/dalfopristin were ≤1.0 μg/ml for all but one strain. With a tentative MIC breakpoint of either ≤1.0 μg/ml or ≤2.0 μg/ml for susceptible, a disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoint of ≥19 mm embraced all but two of the susceptible pneumococci;≥16 mm included all strains. For Haemophilus influenzae, MICs of quinupristin/dalfopristin clustered near the tentative breakpoints; 91.5% of the MICs were 2.0 to 8.0 μg/ml. This precluded satisfactory performance of the disk diffusion test in discriminating between resistant and susceptible isolates unless MIC breakpoints are modified for this species: clinical experience will be needed before that can be justified. Based on data from a multilaboratory study, the following quality control limits are proposed for Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 when testing quinupristin/dalfopristin: 0.25 to 1.0 μg/ml for broth microdilution tests and 19 to 24 mm for disk diffusion tests. For tests of Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 29247, MIC limits are 2.0 to 16 μg/ml; disk tests were very reproducible but are not yet recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691118
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro activity of ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and penicillin againstStreptococcus pneumoniae as determined by three quantitative methods (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 344-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract E-test, broth microdilution, and agar dilution susceptibility tests were used to evaluate penicillin and five extended-spectrum cephalosporins against 196 strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniae with different levels of penicillin resistance. Oxacillin disk tests corresponded to minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin determined by the E-test better than those generated by broth microdilution or agar dilution methods. Relative potency of the study drugs was as follows: cefotaxime=ceftriaxone 〉 penicillin 〉 cefuroxime 〉 ceftizoxime 〉 ceftazidime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695670
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of Effect of Antibiotic Resistance on Susceptibility of Microorganisms to Chlorhexidine Gluconate or Povidone Iodine (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 920-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960050434
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibacterial Activity of Moxifloxacin (Bay 12-8039) against Aerobic Clinical Isolates, and Provisional Criteria for Disk Susceptibility Tests (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Moxifloxacin (Bay 12–8039), ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin were compared in vitro against 1074 clinical isolates gathered from different medical centers throughout North America during the winter months of 1997. Moxifloxacin E tests and broth microdilution tests gave comparable results. Moxifloxacin was particularly potent against respiratory pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ciprofloxacin was the most potent study drug against the family of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. For tests of 5 μg moxifloxacin disks, zone size criteria of ≤17 mm for resistant (MIC ≥8 μg/ml) and ≥21 mm for susceptible (MIC ≤2 μg/ml) are provisionally proposed for use while clinical trials are under way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960050284
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro activity of the new ketolide HMR 3004 compared to an azalide and macrolides againstStreptococcus pneumoniae andHaemophilus influenzae (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 767-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro activity of a new ketolide, HMR 3004 (RU64004), to that of three macrolides and one azalide against 608 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 202 Haemophilus influenzae. Macrolide-resistant pneumococci were susceptible to HMR 3004, even if they were resistant to clindamycin. Against Haemophilus influenzae, HMR 3004 and azithromycin were nearly identical in potency; the macrolides were 8- to 16-fold less active. HMR 3004 may be useful for treating respiratory tract infections if sufficient concentrations can be achieved at the local sites of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709263
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility testing quality control studies with fosfomycin tromethamine (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 538-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiple studies were performed to define the quality control ranges for susceptibility tests of fosfomycin tromethamine. For disk diffusion tests, the limits proposed are 22 to 30 mm forEscherichia coli ATCC 25922 and 25 to 33 mm forStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Broth microdilution tests were not reproducible. For agar dilution tests, ranges proposed are 0.5 to 2.0 μg/ml forEscherichia coli ATCC 25922, 0.5 to 4.0 μg/ml forStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213; 2.0 to 8.0 μg/ml forPseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and 32 to 128 μg/ml forEnterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708240
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