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  • Electronic Resource  (28)
  • 11
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 441, 315–321 (2006) We inadvertently omitted the names of the following authors: R. Banerjee, S. P. Bryant, D. C. Burford, W. D. H. Burrill, S. M. Clegg, P. Dhami, O. Dovey, L. M. Faulkner, S. M. Gribble, C. F. Langford, R. D. ...
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 69 (1974), S. 371-378 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten den Einfluß der Kollateralentwicklung auf die Flimmerschwelle des linken Ventrikels bei 26 narkotisierten Hunden vor und 15 Minuten nach Koronarverschluß. Die zur Erzeugung von Ventrikelflimmern notwendige Stromstärke wurde bestimmt durch Applikation von Gleichstromimpulsen im nichtischämischen Myokard während der vulnerablen Phase des Herzzyklus. 15 Minuten nach Koronarverschluß war die Flimmerschwelle um 38% unter den Kontrollwert abgesunken (p〈0,001). Der Anastomische Index (A.I.) der Kollateralentwicklung war umgekehrt proportional zur Verminderung der Flimmerschwelle nach Koronarverschluß. Bei 7 Hunden, die 2 Wochen, und bei 13 Hunden, die 1 Monat nach Koronarverschluß untersucht wurden, hatte sich die Flimmerschwelle wieder normalisiert, der A.I. war jedoch signifikant (p〈0,001) angestiegen. Bei 5 Hunden wurde der gesamte Verlauf untersucht: 15 Minuten nach Koronarverschluß war die Flimmerschwelle signifikant abgesunken, jedoch 1 Monat später, nach Zunahme des A. I., war die Flimmerschwelle auf Werte oberhalb des Kontrollwerts angestiegen (p〈0,05). Die Befunde einer umgekehrten Proportionalität zwischen Senkung der Flimmerschwelle nach erfolgter Entwicklung eines Kollateralkreislaufs suggerieren eine protektive Wirkung von Koronarkollateralen hinsichtlich des durch Myokardischämie ausgelösten Ventrikelflimmerns.
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the effect of coronary collateral development on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), we determined VFT and the anastomotic index (AI) of coronary collateral development in 26 anesthetized, open-chest dogs before and 15 minutes after coronary artery occlusion. The current required to induce VFT was measured by passing constant current pulses through non-ischemic left ventricular myocardium during the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. Fifteen minutes after coronary occlusion VFT was significantly (P〈0.001) depressed 38% below control. The AI of these dogs was inversely related to the magnitude of VFT depression after occlusion (r=0.73). In seven dogs and thirteen dogs studied 2 weeks and 1 month, respectively, after occlusion, VFT had returned to control at a time when AI was significantly (P〈0.001) increased above control. Five dogs served as their own controls. Fifteen minutes after coronary occlusion their VFT was significantly depressed, but one month later, when AI was significantly greater than control, their VFT was above control levels (P〈0.05). These findings of (1) an inverse relation between AI and VFT depression after coronary occlusion, and (2) the difference in VFT before and after coronary collateral development, suggest that increased collateral circulation can lessen the vulnerability of the myocardium to fibrillation after the onset of ischemia.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 3 (1998), S. 95-103 
    ISSN: 1573-7039
    Keywords: ANDROGENS ; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE ; RECEPTOR VARIANTS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although the androgen receptor (AR)3is often co-expressed with the estrogen receptor (ER)and progesterone receptor (PR) in human breast tumors,its role in breast cancer is poorly understood. Specific growth stimulatory and inhibitory actions ofandrogens have been described in human breast cancercell lines. The mechanisms by which androgens exertthese contrasting growth effects are unknown. A commonly utilized second line therapy for the treatmentof advanced breast cancer is high dosemedroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Although MPA, asynthetic progestin, was thought to act exclusivelythrough the PR, the androgenic side-effects observed in womentaking MPA suggest that its action may also be mediatedin part by the AR. In support of this hypothesis, thelevel of AR measured by radioligand binding in primary breast tumors was correlated with theduration of response to MPA treatment following failureof tamoxifen therapy. Recent data suggest that thepresence of structurally altered AR in breast cancers may account for unresponsiveness to MPA in someof these cases. Further studies are warranted todetermine the role of AR mediated pathways in regulatingbreast tumor growth. In particular, identification of androgen-regulated genes may lead to newpossibilities for the hormonal treatment of breastcancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An osmotic hatching mechanism is proposed for the Anostracan Branchiopod Chirocephalus diaphanus, Prevost. In this mechanism, glycerol is thought to accumulate in the egg as a result of the metabolism of the embryo. The osmotic pressure exerted by the egg, largely due to this glycerol accumulation, causes water to enter from the environment. Eventually the hydrostatic pressure thus generated is sufficient to cause rupture of the eggshell. It is recognised that hatching in this Anostracan is a two-staged phenomenon, a process of “breaking”, in which glycerol is involved, preceding true “hatching”, in which glycerol is not involved. The egg is described and the physiology and ecological significance of the proposed hatching mechanism are discussed.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 47 (1975), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The embryonic development and hatching of C. diaphanus under natural conditions were investigated. Most of the embryonic development takes place during the dry period of the pond. Thus eggs are ready to hatch as soon as the pond is filled with rainwater. The pattern of the distribution of eggs on the bottom of the pond has a great value for the survival of the species. Adult females tend to lay their eggs mainly in the central parts of the pond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 46 (1975), S. 377-390 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study on the hatching mechanism in the egg of C. diaphanus was carried out. The complete escape of the nauplius from its three membranes takes place through two distinct stages, namely the breaking stage and the hatching stage. The former seems to be strictly an osmotic phenomenon, and the latter is more likely to be caused by mechanical means. A detailed study on the embryonic movements was carried out. The possible presence of a hatching movement was discussed. The presence of spiny projections aiding in the hatching process was also demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 11 (1957), S. 198-204 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The characteristics required in samples taken from a small area of muddy bottom are shortly reviewed. 2. A new grab capable of taking accurate samples to a known depth is described.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 17 (1961), S. 205-217 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. La présence de Chirocephalus diaphanus Prévost dans deux habitats d'un type légèrement different est décrite, basée sur des observations faites durant plusieurs années. 2. Dans les deux cas les données montrent la presénce irregulière et sporadique de cette espèce. 3. La quantité des générations qui se trouvent pendant un an est manifestement en relation avec la fréquence avec laquelle l'habitat se desséche, ou se trouve dans des conditions défavorables. Ordinairement une seconde génération ne chevauche pas la. première génération; elle ne se présente qu'après un intervalle de dessèchement. 4. Le schema de la présence naturelle est discuté en comparaison avec les investigations expérimentales, des conditions qui influencent le développementt et l'éclosion des oeufs. 5. On peut observer une succession des phénemènes où les oeufs viables peuvent rester sans écolose quand l'habitat se desséche et pouvant survivre la desiccation, enfin pouvant arriver à maturité dans une période très courte. 6. Les eflets probables de la congélation de l'habitat sont discutés.
    Notes: Summary 1. The occurrence of Chirocephalus diaphanus Prévost in two habitats of somewhat different character is described from observations extending over a number of years. 2. The records in both cases underline the sporadic and irregular occurrence of this species. 3. The number of generations occurring during the course of a year appears to be related to the frequency with which the habitat dries out or is subjected to other unfavourable conditions. In general a second generation does not overlap the first and only appears when the habitat becomes wet again. after an interval of drying out. 4. The pattern of natural occurrence is discussed in the light of experimental work on conditions affecting development and hatching of the eggs. 5. A sequence of events is suggested by which viable eggs are enabled to remain unhatched while the habitat dries out, to survive desiccation, and finally to complete development to maturity in a very short period. 6. The possible effects of freezing of the habitat are discussed.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 20 (1962), S. 173-178 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Le probléme d'obtenir un paramètre satisfaisant pour la comparaison des plantes aquatiques comme habitats pour les animaux petits est consideré. 2. On décrit une méthode pour déterminer l'area de la surface des plantes aquatiques.
    Notes: Summary 1. The problem of finding a suitable parameter for use in comparing aquatic plants as habitats for small animals is briefly considered. 2. A method is described for determining the surface area of aquatic plants.
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