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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rainfall and Moon Phases in the Tropics (1937)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 139 (1937), S. 244-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ON the low-lying east bank of the Demerara River, about eight miles from its mouth, is situate Diamond Plantation, the largest sugar factory in British Guiana, located approximately at 6° 42′ N. and 58° 10′ W. Preserved at Diamond is a valuable record of the daily rainfall for the past ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/139244b0
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of Salvia reflexa (1939)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 144 (1939), S. 118-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mint weed (Salvia reflexa) has been shown to be responsible for heavy losses of stock in Queensland1. Chemical investigation of the plant failed to demon­strate the presence of any of the poisonous principles commonly found in plants. Following on the work of Itimington2 with Tribulus, we were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/144118b0
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endomorphins: Localization, release and action on rat dorsal horn neurons (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 7 (2000), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: μ-Opiate receptors ; Excitatory postsynaptic currents ; Inhibitory postsynaptic currents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endomorphin (Endo) 1 and 2, two tetrapeptides isolated from the bovine and human brain, have been proposed to be the endogenous ligand for the μ-opiate receptor. A multi-disciplinary study was undertaken to address the issues of localization, release and biological action of Endo with respect to the rat dorsal horn. First, immunohistochemical studies showed that Endo-1- or Endo-2-like immunoreactivity (Endo-1- or Endo-2-LI) is selectively expressed in fiber-like elements occupying the superficial layers of the rat dorsal horn, which also exhibit a high level of μ-opiate receptor immunoreactivity. Second, release of immunoreactive Endo-2-like substances (irEndo) from the in vitro rat spinal cords upon electrical stimulation of dorsal root afferent fibers was detected by the immobilized antibody microprobe technique. The site of release corresponded to laminae I and II where the highest density of Endo-2-LI fibers was localized. Lastly, whole-cell patch clamp recordings from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of rat lumbar spinal cord slices revealed two distinct actions of exogenous Endo-1 and Endo-2: (1) depression of excitatory and/or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by stimulation of dorsal root entry zone, and (2) hyperpolarization of SG neurons. These two effects were prevented by the selective μ-opiate receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine. The localization of endomorphin-positive fibers in superficial layers of the dorsal horn and the release of irEndo upon stimulation of dorsal root afferents together with the observation that Endo inhibits the activity of SG neurons by interacting with μ-opiate receptors provide additional support of a role of Endo as the endogenous ligand for the μ-opiate receptor in the rat dorsal horn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02255468
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting age-age genetic correlations in tree-breeding programs: a case study of Pinus taeda L. (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Age-age genetic correlations ; Phenotypic correlations ; Conifers ; Tree breeding ; Woody perennials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A meta-analysis of 520 parents and 51,439 individuals was used to develop two equations for predicting age-age genetic correlations in Pinus taeda L. Genetic and phenotypic family mean correlations and heritabilities were estimated for ages ranging from 2 to 25 years on 31 sites in the southern U.S. and Zimbabwe. Equations for predicting age-age correlations based on P. taeda populations from west and east of the Mississippi River proved statistically different. Both predictive equations proved conservative for validation datasets consisting of younger tests in the U.S. and Zimbabwe. Age-dependent log-linear predictive equations were favored over growth-dependent equations. All P. taeda predictive equations based on genetic correlations favored earlier selection when compared to a generalized conifer predictive equation based on phenotypic correlations. The age-age correlations structure showed stability independent of planting density and across a wide range of family sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050027
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUOROM – another step forwards (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 921-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008330316212
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ice Shelf Microbial Ecosystems in the High Arctic and Implications for Life on Snowball Earth (2000)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 87 (2000), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract  The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf (83°N, 74°W) is the largest remaining section of thick (〉10 m) landfast sea ice along the northern coastline of Ellesmere Island, Canada. Extensive meltwater lakes and streams occur on the surface of the ice and are colonized by photosynthetic microbial mat communities. This High Arctic cryo-ecosystem is similar in several of its physical, biological and geochemical features to the McMurdo Ice Shelf in Antarctica. The ice-mats in both polar regions are dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria but also contain diatoms, chlorophytes, flagellates, ciliates, nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers. The luxuriant Ward Hunt consortia also contain high concentrations (107–108 cm–2) of viruses and heterotrophic bacteria. During periods of extensive ice cover, such as glaciations during the Proterozoic, cryotolerant mats of the type now found in these polar ice shelf ecosystems would have provided refugia for the survival, growth and evolution of a variety of organisms, including multicellular eukaryotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050692
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermogravimetric Evidence of Nickel or Copper Isomorphously Substituted into a Zeolite (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: copper ; fluoride ; isomorphous substitution ; nickel ; ZSM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis of pure silica ZSM-5 has been modified to produce highly crystalline material in the protonated form, necessary for catalytic activity, directly from a low water fluoride gel. Tetrahedrally co-ordinated divalent species of nickel and copper have been synthesised as salts of large organic cations and increasing mole fractions incorporated into the zeolite gels. The products have been analysed and characterised using simultaneous thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG). The thermal decomposition under nitrogen of the metal associated cations, tetraethylammonium (TEA+), occluded within the zeolite channels is indicative and characteristic of the incorporation of heteroatoms into the zeolite framework. Anomalous losses in the systems can be explained by Jahn–Teller distortions. The mass losses increased with increased metal loading and were consistent with those reported in full water system, analysis also confirmed that the material was hydrophobic and thermally stable. Analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) has confirmed the reliability of TG-DTG as a diagnostic tool. The maximum levels of substitution achieved were (mass%) Ni 3.93 and Cu 4.38.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010133822423
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term recovery from prolonged constant pace running in a warm environment: the effectiveness of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 82 (2000), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrate ; Dehydration ; Metabolism ; Recovery ; Thermoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recovery from prolonged exercise involves both rehydration and replenishment of endogenous carbohydrate stores. This study examined the influence of drinking a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on short-term recovery and subsequent exercise capacity in a warm environment. Thirteen healthy male volunteers completed two trials, at least 7 days apart. On each occasion subjects performed an initial treadmill run at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), for 90 min or until volitional fatigue (T1), in a warm environment (35 °C, 40% relative humidity, RH). Volitional ingestion of water was permitted during each of the exercise trials. During a subsequent 4-h recovery period (REC) subjects consumed either a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) or a sweetened placebo (P), in a volume equivalent to 140% of body mass loss. Following REC, subjects ran to exhaustion at the same %VO2max in order to assess their endurance capacity (T2). Mean (SEM) run times during T1 did not differ between the CES [74.8 (4.6) min] and P [72.5 (5.2) min] trials. Body mass was reduced (P 〈 0.01) by 1.9 (0.2)% (CES) and 1.7 (0.2)% (P), and plasma volume (P 〈 0.01) by 6.0 (0.9)% (CES) and 5.4 (1.0)% (P) during the T1 trials. During REC 2006 (176) ml and 1830 (165) ml of fluid was ingested, providing 138 (12) g and 0 g of carbohydrate in the CES and P trials, respectively. Prior to T2, plasma volume and net fluid balance were similarly restored [CES +58 (26) g; P −4 (68) g] in both trials. During T2 the exercise duration was longer (P 〈 0.01) in the CES compared to the P trial [CES 60.9 (5.5) min; P 44.9 (3.0) min]. Thus, provided that an adequate hydration status is maintained, inclusion of carbohydrate within an oral rehydration solution will delay the onset of fatigue during a subsequent bout of prolonged submaximal running in a warm environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210000206
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retroelements contribute to the excess low-copy-number DNA in pine (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 264 (2000), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Genome organization Reassociation kinetics Retroelements Gymnosperms Pinus taeda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Excess DNA in the single-copy component is rarely recognized as a contributor to the C-value paradox yet the single-copy component of the pine genome is reported to comprise over 3000 Mb of DNA, in large excess over the estimated 100 Mb required for gene expression. Two hypotheses regarding the factors that might contribute to the excess low-copy-number DNA were tested. The first hypothesis proposes that the excess low-copy kinetic component is actually overestimated by reassociation data analysis. To test this, a previously published C0t curve for Pinus strobus was reanalyzed using a new estimate of genome size based on laser flow cytometry. Part of the excess low-copy-number DNA in the pine genome could be attributed to the choice of parameters used in the analysis of the reassociation data. The second hypothesis holds that diverged retrotransposons contribute to the excess low-copy DNA. Sequences randomly sampled from single-copy and low-repetitive kinetic components of the P. taeda genome were characterized. Twelve of 46 fragments cloned from these fractions were found to show sequence similarity to retroelements; hence diverged retroelements contribute to the excess low-repetitive kinetic component in the pine genome. Similarity search was shown to be a conservative method for identifying retroelements, and thus the number of retroelements in the low-copy component was actually underestimated. Most of the retroelements in this fraction were nonfunctional, divergent from known retroelement families and previously reported only for flowering plants. Divergent retrotransposons are thus a major factor contributing to the expansion of the low-repetitive DNA component in higher plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380000279
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emaille (1936)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 107 (1936), S. 222-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01395130
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