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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chlorophenols to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 930-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chlorophenols are transformedin vitro to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/ Fs) by peroxidase-catalyzed oxidations. This is demonstrated with bovine lactoperoxidase as well as horseradish peroxidase, and with 3,4,5- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TrCP). The yield of total PCDD/Fs with lactoperoxidase was 11 μg per g 345-TrCP and 10 μg per g 245-TrCP, of which 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs constituted 8.5 and 2.2 μg/g, respectively, corresponding to 0.85 and 1.2 μg/g of Nordic TCDD-equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055064
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological variation — an important factor to consider in ecotoxicological studies based on environmental samples (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 348 (1994), S. 76-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Available measurements of organochlorine concentrations in some biological matrices from the Baltic Sea stress the need for proper sampling and knowledge about biological matrices. To properly evaluate any analyte in biota, it is imperative to select and scrutinise the representativeness of the matrix and to select a relevant matrix. This article describes the importance of biological parameters in explaining the variation in concentrations of contaminants found in field-collected material. To disclose spatial and temporal variation in contaminant concentrations, annual analyses are required. Studies based on pooled samples are generally not recommended. The unexplained between-year variation found even in rather well-defined biological samples often implies that time trends showing changes of less than 5–10% are impossible to detect in experiments shorter than 10 years. Examples demonstrate the effect of this variation when interpreting temporal trends and spatial distribution. Normally most of this variation is due to biological factors. Any attempt to define spatial or temporal trends or differences between various ecological matrices with respect to contaminant concentrations requires a large number of chemical analyses, which often are very expensive. The development of methods for simplified chemical analysis would thus permit more individual analyses which will improve the utilisation of available resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321607
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dioxin, patterns and source identification (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 348 (1994), S. 63-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The primary sources of PCDD and PCDF are chemical, thermal, photochemical and enzymatic reactions. Most of the thermal sources result in emissions into the air. Analyses of air, soil and sediment samples indicate combustion processes as the major sources. Only 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners are found in higher animals such as fish and mammals. There is a discrepancy in profiles between sources and environmental reservoirs, which cannot fully be explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321606
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous enantioselective separation of chlordanes, a nonachlor compound, and o,p′-DDT in environmental samples using tandem capillary columns (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantioselectivity ; Chlordane congeners ; o,p′-DDT ; Tandem capillary ; Environmental samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two capillary columns, one coated with 90 % biscyanopropyl 10 % phenylcyanopropylpolysiloxane (RTx 2330) the other with dimethyl-t-butyl-silylated β-cyclodextrin dissolved in 85 % methyl 15 % phenyl polysiloxane (PS-086), have, when employed in tandem, enabled the enantioselective separation of all the chiral chlordanes present in the fish oil reference material SRM 1588, without any overlap between enantiomers of different isomers. This capillary column combination is, furthermore, able to separate the enantiomers of other chiral polychlorinated pesticides such as o,p′-DDT, oxy-chlordane, a chiral nonachlor, and heptachlor exo-epoxide. It can be used to determine the enantiomer ratio of these compounds present in the low pg/g range in extracts of marine biota and ambient air.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170804
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