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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationship between Enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the ATP synthases (F1F0) of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 148 (1987), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: F1F0 ATP synthase ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Phylogenetic relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ATP synthase complex of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KF1F0) has been purified and characterized. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the purified F1F0 complexes revealed an identical subunit pattern for E. coli (EF1F0) and K. pneumoniae. Antibodies raised against EF1 complex and purified EF0 subunits recognized the corresponding polypeptides of EF1F0 and KF1F0 in immunoblot analysis. Protease digestion of the individual subunits generated an identical cleavage pattern for subunits α, β, γ, ε, a, and c of both enzymes. Only for subunit δ different cleavage products were obtained. The isolated subunit c of both organisms showed only a slight deviation in the amino acid composition. These data suggest that extensive homologies exist in primary and secondary structure of both ATP synthase complexes reflecting a close phylogenetic relationship between the two enterobacteric tribes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414810
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association experiments with aerobic and anaerobic pathogens: a model of in-vitro susceptibility testing in mixed infections. Activity of enoxacin, clindamycin, and metronidazole (1989)
    Springer
    Infection 17 (1989), S. 160-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei polymikrobiellen Infektionen ist es wesentlich, Chemotherapeutika ohne oder mit nur schwacher Wirksamkeit gegen Anaerobier mit Metronidazol oder Clindamycin zu kombinieren. Die Auswirkungen der Assoziationen von anaeroben und fakultativ anaeroben Erregern auf die MBK von Enoxacin, Clindamycin, Metronidazol und den Kombinationen Enoxacin plus Clindamycin oder Metronidazol wurde untersucht. Die MBK vonBacteroides fragilis sowohl in Einzel- als auch in Assoziationstestung mitEscherichia coli oderEnterococcus faecalis betrug für Enoxacin 64 mg/l. Bei der Testung von Metronidazol stiegen die MBKs vonB. fragilis in Assoziation mitE. coli von 0.5–1 mg/l auf 2–4 mg/l, während sich in der Kombination Enoxacin plus Metronidazol wieder MBKs von 1 mg/l ergaben. In den AssoziationenB. fragilis mitE. faecalis zeigteB. fragilis bei der Untersuchung von Metronidazol MBKs von 2 bis 64 mg/l, ein bis zu 64facher Anstieg gegenüber der Einzeltestung. Die Enoxacin-MBKs fürE. coli in Assoziation mitB. fragilis waren bis zu achtfach höher als in Einzeltestung (z. B. Anstieg von 0.25 auf 2 mg/l). Assoziationen vonE. coli mitE. faecalis undB. fragilis ergaben fürE. coli einen geringeren Anstieg der MBKs für Enoxacin, Enoxacin plus Metronidazol oder Clindamycin. BeiE. faecalis konnten keine wesentlichen Veränderungen der MBKs in den verschiedenen Assoziationen beobachtet werden. Aus den Versuchen kann geschlossen werden, daß dieIn-vitro-Empfindlichkeit gegen antimikrobielle Substanzen bei Erregerassoziationen durch Interaktionen zwischen den Stämmen und/oder den antimikrobiellen Substanzen beeinflußt werden kann.
    Notes: Summary In infections of polymicrobial etiology, it seems mandatory to combine an antibiotic with marginal activity against anaerobes with an anti-anaerobic drug, e. g. metronidazole or clindamycin. We investigated the effect of associations of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic pathogens on MBCs of enoxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and combinations of enoxacin plus clindamycin or metronidazole. Single testing, and associations ofBacteroides fragilis withEscherichia coli orEnterococcus faecalis revealed MBCs of 64 mg/l for enoxacin. However, investigating metronidazole, MBCs forB. fragilis increased from 0.5–1 mg/l to 2–4 mg/l in association withE. coli. The combination of enoxacin with metronidazole restored MBCs of 0.5 and 1 mg/l for theB. fragilis strains.B. fragilis associated withE. faecalis showed MBCs of 2 to 64 mg/l for metronidazole, an increase of up to 64-fold. The enoxacin MBCs forE. coli in association withB. fragilis were up to eight-fold higher than forE. coli alone (2 mg/l compared to 0.25 mg/l). Association ofE. coli withE. faecalis andB. fragilis showed a low to moderate increase for MBCs ofE. coli when enoxacin was tested alone or in combination with metronidazole or clindamycin. In contrast, MBCs forE. faecalis did not change significantly with any of the associations or combinations tested. It is evident thatin vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of associations of pathogens can be modified by interactions between strains, and/or antimicrobials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644018
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action spectrum for the blue-light-dependent morphogenesis of hair whorls in Acetabularia mediterranea (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 171 (1987), S. 96-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetabularia ; Action spectrum ; Blue light ; Hair whorls (Acetabularia) ; Photomorphogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In young Acetabularia mediterranea Lamouroux (=A. acetabulum (L.) Silva) the formation of the lateral hair whorls can be induced by a short pulse of blue light after continuous red preillumination. In this paper we describe the experimental conditions for optimum response and the properties of the action spectrum. The probit of the cells which eventually form hair whorls is linearly correlated to the logarithm of the incident quanta of blue light. Parallel fluence-response curves for all wavelengths indicate the involvement of only one photoreceptor pigment. The action spectrum shows no effectiveness of wavelengths above 520 nm, a high action peak at 470 nm and two lower ones at 425 and 370 nm, and is in accordance with those of cryptochrome-like photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395072
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lake Torrens brine (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 158 (1988), S. 267-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Australia ; playa ; chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chloride content of the groundwater increases towards Lake Torrens. Major enrichment occurs on the playa and is caused by evaporation from the capillary zone. The chloride is sea derived via cyclic aeolian transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026284
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empfindlichkeit klinisch wichtiger Bacteroides spp. gegenüber den Kombinationen Enoxacin-Metronidazol und Enoxacin-Clindamycin (1989)
    Springer
    Infection 17 (1989), S. S11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To assess the activity of enoxacin, clindamycin and metronidazole, MICs of clinical isolates of saccharolytic intestinalBacteroides spp. were determined, using the agar dilution method according to NCCLS guidelines. Checkerboard titrations of enoxacin-metronidazole and enoxacin-clindamycin were done on Wilkins-Chalgren agar; inoculation, incubation and reading of plates were as for determination of MICs. Metronidazole MIC90s forBacteroides fragilis (23 strains) andBacteroides thetaiotaomicron (23 strains) were 0.5 mg/l, clindamycin MIC90 forB. fragilis was 1 mg/l, and forB. thetaiotaomicron 8 mg/l, whereas enoxacin MIC90 values were 16 mg/l and 64 mg/l, respectively. The evaluation of the inhibitory effects of the combination enoxacinmetrondazole forB. fragilis showed additional effects in eleven strains, indifference in seven strains and antagonism in one. The figures forB. thetaiotaomicron showed addition in five strains, indifference in 17 strains, antagonism in one. ForB. fragilis the combination enoxacin-clindamycin showed addition in ten strains, indifference in six, and antagonism in one; forB. thetaiotaomicron synergism in one strain, addition in four strains, indifference in 17 strains. In conclusion, the absence of antagonism and the overall preponderance of additional and indifferent effects warrant the use of enoxacin in combination with metronidazole or clindamycin in clinical trials of treatment of anaerobicaerobic mixed infections.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen (MHK) von Enoxacin, Clindamycin und Metronidazol wurden bei klinischen Isolaten saccharolytischer intestinalerBacteroides spp. mittels der Agardilutionsmethode entsprechend den NCCLS-Richtlinien bestimmt. Mit den Kombinationen Enoxacin-Clindamycin und Enoxacin-Metronidazol wurden Schachbrett-Titrationen auf Wilkins-Chalgren-Agar durchgeführt, Inokulation, Inkubation und Ablesung der Platten erfolgte wie bei der MHK-Bestimmung. Die MHK90 von Metronidazol betrug beiBacteroides fragilis (23 Stämme) und beiBacteroides thetaiotaomicron (23 Stämme) in beiden Fällen 0,5 mg/l; die MHK90 von Clindamycin war beiB. fragilis 1 mg/l und beiB. thetaiotaomicron 8 mg/l, bei Enoxacin betrugen die entsprechenden Werte 16 bzw. 64 mg/l. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Kombinationstestung Enoxacin-Metronidazol zeigte bei elfB. fragilis-Stämmen eine additive Wirkung, Indifferenz bei sieben und Antagonismus bei einem Stamm. BeiB. thetaiotaomicron lauteten die Ergebnisse Addition bei fünf Stämmen, Indifferenz bei 17 und Antagonismus bei einem Stamm. Die Kombination Enoxacin-Clindamycin war bei zehn Stämmen vonB. fragilis additiv wirksam, indifferent bei sechs und antagonistisch bei einem Stamm, beiB. thetaiotaomicron war ein Synergismus bei einem Stamm, Addition bei vier und Indifferenz bei 17 Stämmen zu beobachten. Der fehlende Antagonismus und das Überwiegen additiver oder indifferenter Effekte läßt den Gebrauch der Kombinationen Enoxacin-Clindamycin bzw. Enoxacin-Metronidazol in klinischen Untersuchungen bei der Behandlung anaerob-aerober Mischinfektionen sinnvoll erscheinen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01643627
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic μ+ shift in bismuthshift in bismuth (1986)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 31 (1986), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract μSR studies in the semi metal Bi have revealed pronounced anisotropies in the μ+ Knightshift which vary strongly with temperature. Above 10 K the anisotropy is well described by a P2(cosθ) distribution with a change of sign around 60 K. Below 10 K we find a very unusual angular dependence in that the anisotropy is described only by terms of fourth order in the direction cosines. Such a dependence is allowed by symmetry arguments, considering that the pointgroup of the crystalline μ+ site is D3d, but requires that the electrons, responsible for the μ+ Knight shift, are subject to strong spin orbit coupling or involve effective, field induced moments of orbital origin. The various types of anisotropies seem to be associated with the different site occupations of the μ+. The total Knightshift is generally regative which is to be contrasted with the huge positive Knightshift found in the other semimetal Sb /1/.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02401596
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lattice relaxation and μ+ sites in rhombohedral bismuthsites in rhombohedral bismuth (1986)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 31 (1986), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Owing to the staggered sequence of hexagonal layers in the rhombohedral crystal structure of Bi two different interstitial sites are in principle available to the μ+. It is found that below 10 K the μ+ is localized at one of these sites while above 80 K up to 110 K the μ+ is localized at the other site. In both instances a latticecontraction around the μ+ is observed, amounting to a reduction of 12% at 8 K and 7% at 100 K in the nearest Bi μ+ distances. At both sites the second moments reveal strong quadrupole interaction effects, which dominate at 8 K in fields up to 0.746 T but which are slightly quenched at this field strength at 100 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02401539
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large volume sample application by a simplified “closed” on-column injector in capillary gas chromatography (1989)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 27 (1989), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Large volume sample injection ; Closed on-column injector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new simplified version of a “closed” on-column injector is introduced. Because of its design isobaric injection conditions do not have to be followed and a wide range of injection temperatures above the boiling point of the sample solvent can be chosen for on-column injections in capillary gas chromatography. Also, when following certain basic injection rules, injections of large sample volumes (≥20 μl or more) give accurate and reproducible results without further problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260450
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung des heißwasserlöslichen Borgehalts in Böden mit der induktionsgekoppelten Plasma-Atom-Emissionsspektrometrie (1988)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 331 (1988), S. 713-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study is to find out whether the previously applied procedures for determining hot water soluble boron trace contents in soils using dianthrimide or azomethin-H can be substituted by ICP-AES. Research was made into chemical and spectral interferences which can arise in all three methods. The 249.678 nm boron emission line is not affected by the sample matrix indicated. The boron content from more than 60 extracts was determined using the three methods mentioned and the results were compared by means of regression calculations. It was found that ICP-AES and the dianthrimide procedure do not differ significantly, whereas the azomethin-H technique leads to somewhat higher values. The accuracy of the results achieved by means of ICP-AES was confirmed by a collaborative study. In order to determine the concentration of boron in soils in the range of 0–2 mg/kg the ICP-AES can be applied following the hot water extraction without further pretreatment of samples. This method is superior in particular when additional elements are to be considered in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01105606
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of smooth pursuit dynamics on eye tracking: a mathematical approach (1989)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 27 (1989), S. 617-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Dynamics ; Eye movements ; Nonlinear gain ; Smooth pursuit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441644
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