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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 7 (1984), S. 209-214 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Bone mineral content ; Exercise ; Women ; Osteoporosis ; Oestrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont comparé, par photo-absorptiométrie de l'extrémité inférieure du radius, les effets de la marche et de la danse «aerobic« sur l'os de 73 femmes récemment ménopausées en les comparant à un groupe de contrôle ne pratiquant aucun exercise. L'observation a porté sur une période de six mois. Les résultats montrent que le groupe de contrôle et celui qui pratique la marche présentent une déminéralisation osseuse statistiquement significative (1,6% et 1,7% respectivement), contrairement au groupe pratiquant la danse (0,8%). Il n'y a pas d'augmentation significative de la largeur de l'os dans le groupe de contrôle (0,9%), alors qu'elle est importante aussi bien dans le groupe de danse (1,3%) que dans le groupe de marche (1,6%). On a calculé chez chaque sujet, à l'aide des mesures de la teneur en minéraux et de la largeur de l'os, le moment d'inertie d'une section horizontale du radius. Les deux groupes pratiquant un exercise présentent une augmentation significative de cette variable, tandis qu'il n'y en a pas dans le groupe de contrôle. Le taux d'oestrogène plasmatique n'est pas influencé par l'exercise. Ces résultats confirment l'hypothèse selon laquelle les contraintes mécaniques entraînées par l'exercise pourraient prévenir efficacement l'ostéoporose post-ménopausique.
    Notes: Summary The effects of walking and aerobic dancing on the bones of 73 recently postmenopausal women have been compared by photon absorptiometry of the distal radius with a control group who did not exercise. The period of observation was six months. Results showed that the control group and the walking group lost statistically significant amounts of bone mineral content (1.6%, and 1.7% respectively), but that the dancing group did not (0.8%). The control group did not show a significant increase in the bone width (0.9%), but both the dancing (1.3%) and walking (1.6%) groups did. Changes in the cross-sectional moment of inertia of the radius were estimated for each subject based on bone mineral content and bone width values. Both exercise groups experienced significant increases in this variable, while the control group did not. Plasma oestrogen levels were not influenced by exercise. The results support the hypothesis that mechanical loading due to exercise may be effective in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 202 (1982), S. 419-429 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One method used to examine the relationship between behavioral strategies and anatomical adaptation is to study the results of mechanical stress associated with a given behavior and compare this with skeletal adaptations to other behaviors. This comparative approach is appropriate for highlighting combinations of features that are specializations to specific types of behavior. The purpose of this paper is to compare femoral mechanics in Galago senegalensis with previously collected data for macaques and humans as a basis for discussing structural adaptations in the primate hindlimb to leaping. The stiffness and load carrying capabilities of the femoral diaphyses of 27 G. senegalensis were analyzed using the SCADS computer program. The data suggest that the galago femur is well adapted to sustain large sagittal plane compressive loads rather than large bending loads. The straightness of the femoral shaft and large midshaft area moments of inertia prevent buckling from these large compressive loads. Calculations indicate that the ratio of critical buckling load to body weight in galago is 31 times that in macaques and 55 times that in humans. The femur of this saltatory primate is morphologically adapted to resist buckling when subjected to large compressive loads, while those of macaques and humans are better adapted to resist bending moments caused by ground reaction forces acting on the extended limb. The differences between galago on the one hand and macaques and humans on the other suggest that relatively smaller moments about the hip and relatively larger moments about the knee accompany more quadrupedal and bipedal walking, while habitual leaping is associated with relatively larger moments about the hip. These data reinforce the apparent similarity of the mechanical effects of quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion on the femur and dissimilarity with femoral mechanics in habitually saltatory primates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2 (1984), S. 221-234 
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Arthrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Mechanical changes in joints ; Animal models ; Experimental arthrosis ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied changes in subchondral bone and articular cartilage in an animal model of osteoarthrosis. In this model we applied repetitive impulsive loads to rabbits' knees. Their legs were held in short leg splints so the rabbits were unable to dampen the peak applied load with ankle flexion. After sacrifice, at 1 day to 6 weeks, we studied proximal tibial load-bearing cartilage histologically, biochemically, and with radioactive sulfate uptake. We also studied the subchondral bone under that cartilage histologically, histomorphometrically, with bone scan (99mTc pyrophosphate), and by tetracycline labeling. An increase in 99mTc labeling of the subchondral bone was the first reliable change observed. This was followed by an increase in tetracycline labeling, bone formation, and a decrease in porosity, which has been associated with relative stiffening of bone. Horizontal splitting and deep fibrillation of the overlying articular cartilage followed the early bone changes. All of these changes preceded changes in content and characterization of cartilage proteoglycans or increased chondrocyte activity as manifested by incorporation of radioactive sulfate. In this model the early bone changes preceded changes in the articular cartilage. The deep splitting of articular cartilage occurred prior to metabolic alteration of that tissue.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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