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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental examination of Eulerian frequency spectra in zero-mean-shear turbulence (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 1168-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Eulerian frequency spectra were measured in zero-mean-shear (oscillating-grid induced) turbulent flows and were compared with the spectral form proposed by Tennekes [J. Fluid Mech. 67, 561 (1975)]. A satisfactory agreement between the theoretical prediction and experimental results were obtained in a limited frequency range. The empirical constants pertinent to the spectral law, obtained experimentally, were in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868560
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal diffusivity tensor and lattice dynamics of β-oxygen at high pressure (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 5424-5428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental approach to the study of thermal transport in the diamond-anvil high pressure cell is described and the elements of the thermal diffusivity tensor of β-oxygen are reported to a pressure of 9 GPa. The anisotropy in the thermal conductivity is found to be opposite in sense to that in the velocity of acoustic waves. Results are interpreted in terms of a lattice dynamical model in which the strong interactions between an atom and its first-, second-, and third-nearest neighbors are treated in tensorial form with parameters evaluated directly from experiment. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471775
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bound states of He atoms on Ag(110) (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 910-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectrum of bound states of He atoms adsorbed on Ag(110) is calculated, using an interaction potential based on effective medium theory EMT for the repulsive term A exp(−bz) and the Zaremba–Kohn form for the attractive van der Waals dispersion term. The electronic charge density of the host in the selvedge region is modeled by superimposing atomic-charge densities using the Herman–Skillman tables and the prefactor A of the repulsive term is fitted to the exact ground state energy obtained from elastic He scattering data. Comparisons are made with the bound-state spectrum extracted from the measured resonances in the He scattering data and with the results of several other models used in the current literature. An assessment of the role played by higher-order dispersion contributions to the attractive potential is also included. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471934
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An economic evaluation of propofol/fentanyl compared with midazolam/fentanyl on recovery in the ICU following cardiac surgery (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A comparison was made of the drug costs and nursing dependency of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery and routine postoperative recovery for two anaesthetic techniques using either propofol with low dose fentanyl or midazolam with high dose fentanyl. Estimates of resource use were based on a randomised clinical trial undertaken at the Northern General Hospital, Sheffield. Times from entry to the intensive care unit until extubation and discharge were recorded for 70 patients and were transformed to nursing shifts. Nursing dependency was calculated on the basis of one nurse per ventilated patient and 0.5 nurse from the start of the shift after extubation. Nursing costs were allocated on the basis of the patient's status at the beginning of each shift in line with the hospital's staffing policy. All drugs used from the morning of the operation until discharge were recorded. Costs of nursing and drugs were calculated. The total cost of patients in the propofol group was 13.3% less than midazolam patients (p = 0.043, for geometric means Cl 0.4% to 27.8%). The clinical study was not designed for economic endpoints; however, it demonstrated achievable savings in propofol-treated patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07738.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of pain from insertion of venous cannulae; a volunteer study (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pain from insertion of two small cannulae was compared in 26 volunteers. Each subject was blindfolded and had both a 22G and a 20G cannula inserted in random order. One subject was rejected as cannulation was unsuccessful. Of the remaining 25 subjects, 12 found the 22G more painful and 13 the 20G. This difference was not significant (chi squared p 〉 0.1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00331.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATIONS OF IMPULSIVE STIMULATED SCATTERING IN THE EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 50 (1999), S. 279-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic, thermodynamic, and transport properties of crystals and fluids at high temperature and pressure play a central role in the earth and planetary sciences as well as in a variety of technologies. These properties also constitute a principal experimental constraint on the description of intermolecular interactions at short distances. Aspects of "impulsive stimulated scattering," when adapted to measurements in the diamond-anvil high-pressure cell, provide an approach to the determination of a subset of equilibrium and dynamic properties at high density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.50.1.279
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Sweetpotato or Silverleaf Whiteflies: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci or a Species Complex? (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 40 (1995), S. 511-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.002455
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPLICE SITE SELECTION IN PLANT PRE-mRNA SPLICING (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49 (1998), S. 77-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this review is to highlight the unique and common features of splice site selection in plants compared with the better understood yeast and vertebrate systems. A key question in plant splicing is the role of AU sequences and how and at what stage they are involved in spliceosome assembly. Clearly, intronic U- or AU-rich and exonic GC- and AG-rich elements can influence splice site selection and splicing efficiency and are likely to bind proteins. It is becoming clear that splicing of a particular intron depends on a fine balance in the "strength" of the multiple intron signals involved in splice site selection. Individual introns contain varying strengths of signals and what is critical to splicing of one intron may be of less importance to the splicing of another. Thus, small changes to signals may severely disrupt splicing or have little or no effect depending on the overall sequence context of a specific intron/exon organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.77
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombination and selection in populations of plant pathogens (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A theoretical model has been used to study the dynamics of the frequencies of the following: a virulence gene which is selected by part of the host plant population; an unnecessary virulence gene, which is not required for infection of the host; and the gametic disequilibrium between the two genes. If the two genes are not initially in gametic equilibrium, the frequency of the unnecessary virulence may be altered greatly by hitch-hiking selection, because of the increased frequency of the selected virulence. The hitchhiking effect is strongest if reproduction is entirely asexual, but can still be significant if the frequency of recombination is less than the fraction of the host population which consists of selectively resistant plants. The frequency of recombination may be reduced if reproduction is partly clonal, rather than fully sexual, or if the two genes are linked. Selection against unnecessary virulence may give rise to complex dynamics of both virulence alleles; in particular, the frequency of an unnecessary virulence can rise substantially, by hitch-hiking selection, even if there is some sex or recombination. The direction in which the unnecessary virulence's frequency changes depends on the sign of the gametic disequilibrium between it and the selected gene, and on the existence of selection against unnecessary virulence. If there is no such selection, the long-term dynamics of genotype frequencies in a largely asexual pathogen population may be unpredictable. Consequently, disease control strategies based on planned replacements of one resistance gene by another are unlikely to be effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02779.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects on Arbutus unedo L. of long-term exposure to elevated CO2 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Global change biology 1 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Arbutus unedo is a sclerophyllous evergreen, characteristic of Mediterranean coastal scrub vegetation. In Italy, trees of A. unedo have been found close to natural CO2 vents where the mean atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is about 2200 μmol mol−1. Comparisons were made between trees growing in elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations to test for evidence of adaptation to long-term exposure to elevated CO2. Leaves formed at elevated CO2 have a lower stomatal density and stomatal index and higher specific leaf area than those formed at ambient CO2, but there was no change in carbon to nitrogen ratios of the leaf tissue. Stomatal conductance was lower at elevated CO2 during rapid growth in the spring. In mid-summer, under drought stress, stomatal closure of all leaves occurred and in the autumn, when stress was relieved, the conductance of leaves at both elevated and ambient CO2 increased. In the spring, the stomatal conductance of the new flush of leaves at ambient CO2 was higher than the leaves at elevated CO2, increasing instantaneous water use efficiency at elevated CO2. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements suggested that elevated CO2 provided some protection against photoinhibition in mid-summer. Analysis of A/Ci curves showed that there was no evidence of either upward or downward regulation of photosynthesis at elevated CO2. It is therefore anticipated that A. unedo will have higher growth rates as the ambient CO2 concentrations increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00028.x
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