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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koronarbypass ; Zytokine ; Gamma-Hydroxybuttersäure ; Lipopolysaccharid ; Key words Coronary artery bypass ; Cytokines ; Gamma-hydroxybutyrate ; Lipopolysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: To determine the influence of gamma-hydroxy-butyrate (GHB) on spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in whole blood from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). In addition, the pharmacological modulation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine release by GHB (GHB-Na and GHB-ethanolamide) was characterized in a separate in vitro-assay. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 12 patients undergoing elective CABG were assigned to receive either saline (control) or GHB-Na (25 mg/kg as loading dose followed by 25 mg/kg/h) intraoperatively. Blood samples were obtained (A) preoperatively, (B) 20 min after ECC and (C) 24 h after ECC. Plasma levels (spontaneous release) as well as LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion were measured in a whole blood culture system ex vivo and correlated with mRNA-expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In addition, the dose-response characteristics of modulation of the cytokine response by GHB was studied in vitro in the same assay. Results: Plasma IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly elevated after CABG, while TNF and IL-1β were detectable only occasionally in both groups. Expression of all cytokines studied was significantly reduced upon ex vivo LPS-stimulation at time point B. Despite maintained expression of TNF and IL-1β m-RNA-transcripts upon ex vivo LPS-stimulation in patients treated with GHB, release of the cytokines in the supernatant was decreased to a similar degree as in the control group. Cytokine response upon LPS-stimulation was restored 24 h after CABG for the group mean, however, with substantial individual heterogenity. In vitro, pharmacological doses of GHB-Na (2 mg/ml) attenuated LPS-induced IL-1β release. However, application of the GHB-receptor antagonist NCS-382 caused a nearly complete cessation of IL-1β release in vitro (to 2,5% of control). GHB-ethanolamide (LK 544) did not influence the LPS-stimulated release of the cytokines studied. Conclusion: The results suggest a biphasic response of stimulated PBMC cytokine gene expression during CABG with an initial tolerance to LPS-stimulation shortly after termination of ECC. However, whether or not PBMC express functional GHB receptors remains unclear in light of contradictory effects of the different ligands. In spite of the ex vivo and in vitro results, application of GHB-Na in doses which are primarily based on its use as an anesthetic agent do not seem to modulate the release of the cytokines studied.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die Untersuchung des Einflusses von Gamma-Hydroxy-Buttersäure (GHB) auf die spontane und durch Lipopolysaccharid (LPS) induzierte Freisetzung der Zytokine Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor alpha (TNF), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) und Interleukin-10 (IL-10) bei aortokoronaren Bypassoperationen (ACB) unter Anwendung der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (EKZ) sowie die Charakterisierung des pharmakologischen Effekts von GHB in 2 Präparationen (GHB-Na und GHB-Ethanolamid) auf die Lipopolysaccharid (LPS)-induzierte Zytokinfreisetzung in vitro. Methodik: In einer prospektiven, randomisierten Doppelblindstudie wurden insgesamt 12 Patienten untersucht, die sich einer elektiven ACB unterzogen. Je 6 Patienten erhielten intraoperativ entweder NaCl 0,9% (Kontrollgruppe) oder GHB-Na (25 mg/kg/h nach einem initialen Bolus von 25 mg/kg). Zu insgesamt 3 Meßzeitpunkten (A=präoperativ, B=20 min nach EKZ, C=24 h postoperativ) erfolgte die Blutentnahme zur Zytokindiagnostik. Die Plasmakonzentrationen (spontane Freisetzung) und die unter LPS-Stimulation beobachtete Freisetzung der verschiedenen Zytokine zu den einzelnen Meßzeitpunkten wurden in einem Vollblutansatz ex vivo gemessen und mit der m-RNA-Expression in peripheren mononukleären Zellen (PBMC) korreliert. Weiterhin erfolgte in einem in vitro-Ansatz die Analyse des pharmakologischen Einflusses von GHB selbst (GHB-Na und GHB-Ethanolamid) auf die LPS-induzierte Zytokinfreisetzung. Ergebnisse: Die Plasmakonzentrationen von IL-6 und IL-10 waren nach Ende der EKZ in beiden Gruppen (Kontrolle und GHB) im Vergleich zum präoperativen Ausgangswert signifikant erhöht, während TNF und IL-1β nur vereinzelt nachweisbar waren. Am Ende der EKZ war zu diesem Meßzeitpunkt die durch LPS stimulierbare Freisetzung aller untersuchten Zytokine ex vivo signifikant gegenüber dem präoperativen Ausgangswert vermindert. Trotz besser erhaltener Stimulierbarkeit der Zytokin-m-RNA war auch bei den mit GHB behandelten Patienten die Ausschüttung der Zytokine ex vivo signifikant gehemmt. Am ersten postoperativen Tag war die stimulierbare Zytokinantwort im statistischen Mittel wieder hergestellt, wobei deutliche interindividuelle Unterschiede auftraten. In vitro (pharmakologischer Dosierungen) bewirkte GHB-Na (2 mg/ml) eine signifikante, selektive Verminderung der Freisetzung von IL-1β, während GHB-Ethanolamid keinerlei Veränderungen der Zytokinantwort bewirkte. Zusätzlich hemmte der kompetitive GHB-Rezeptorantagonist NCS-382 die monozytäre IL-1β-Antwort fast vollständig auf 2,5% des Ausgangswerts ohne NCS. Schlußfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse der Freisetzung verschiedener pro- und antiinflammatorischer Zytokine bei ACB zeigen einen biphasichen Verlauf. Initial kommt es ex vivo zu einer relativen Suppression mit partieller Toleranz gegenüber LPS-Stimulation, die am ersten postoperativen Tag weitgehend überwunden ist. Ob die pharmakologischen Effekte von GHB-Na und NCS-382 auf die IL-1β-Freisetzung monozytärer Zellen über spezifische GHB-Rezeptoren vermittelt sind, muß aufgrund der diskrepanten Ergebnisse offen bleiben. GHB-Na bewirkt in klinisch üblichen Dosierungen im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe keine statistisch nachweisbare Modulation der Zytokinfreisetzung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 275-281 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Conus medullaris ; Mixed chemodectoma and ganglioneuroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Report of a 33-year-old man with a yearlong historory of low-back pain radiating into the left leg. Neurologic examination upon admission tto the hospital revealed a spinal compression syndrome at the lovel L5. Laminectomy at L4/5 revealed an encapsulated intradural tumor measuring 4×2.5×2.5 cm. The tumor was attached to the dorsal root L4 and extended downward to the conus region. Light and electron microscopy revealed features mostly consistent with a mixed chemodectoma and ganglioneuroma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 551-557 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Theophylline ; Age ; Multimorbidity ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of theophylline (200 mg i.v.) were determined in 20 geriatric patients with multiple diseases. Serum concentrations were fitted to an open 2-compartment model. Percent changes in venous pCO2 and pO2 were used as parameters of the pharmacodynamic action. Total clearance was decreased and elimination half-life of theophylline was found to be prolonged in the elderly patients compared with data of a study with young healthy volunteers. The stronger the pharmacodynamic action of theophylline (percent change of venous pCO2 after 30 min), the faster was its elimination and the lower were measured concentrations after 2, 6, and 12 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Abdominal aortic aneurysm ; Cytokines ; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ; Ischemia-reperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To characterize the impact of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (AAAR) on spontaneous as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Design: Prospective, controlled in vivo / ex vivo study. Setting: University hospital. Patients and interventions: Whole blood from 14 consecutive patients undergoing AAAR withdrawn prior to surgery (T1), at the end of ischemia (T2), 90 min after declamping (T3) and on the first postoperative day (T4) was cultured in the absence or presence of LPS. Five patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair served as controls. Measurements and results: While tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-10 plasma concentrations did not increase significantly, IL-6 was elevated at each time point, as compared with T1. Despite the spontaneous release of trace amounts of IL-6, the ability of cultured whole blood to mount a cytokine response in vitro to LPS was impaired for all cytokines studied at T2 (TNF –62 %, IL-1 –51 %, IL-6 –20 %, IL-10 –51 %). The stimulated IL-6 response was restored early after declamping (T3: + 56 %) and enhanced 1 day after operation (T4: + 144 %). In contrast, stimulated TNF and IL-1 responses remained depressed at T3 (TNF –48 %, IL-1 –64 %) and T4 (TNF –40 %, IL-1 –24 %). A biphasic pattern was observed for IL-10 with initial depression at T3 (-51 %) and restoration at T4 ( + 40 %). Among the different cytokines monitored, only impaired TNF responsiveness at early reperfusion (T3) correlated with the postoperative course, as reflected by APACHE II. Cytokine response to LPS was maintained or even increased during and after surgery in the whole blood from patients undergoing hernia repair. Conclusions: Despite consistent development of clinical signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and spontaneous release of IL-6 abdominal aortic aneurysm repair produces a state of impaired pro-inflammatory cytokine response upon a subsequent in vitro Gram-negative stimulus. This early impairment of TNF responsiveness seems to correlate with an unfavorable postoperative course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 72.15.Lh; 78.47.+p; 73.50.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Time-resolved two-photon photoemission, based on the equal-pulse correlation technique, is used to measure the energy relaxation and the transport of the photoexcited carriers in thin Ag and Au films. The energy-dependent relaxation time shows a significant thickness dependence in the Ag film, whereas for Au a much smaller effect is observed. These experimental observations are compared with a theoretical model based on the Boltzmann equation, which includes secondary (Auger) electrons and transport. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is found for Au. However, in our calculations, we did not find any significant change in the thickness dependence in the case of Ag. In order to explain the strong effect in Ag, we discuss the possibility of surface excitations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 557-560 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Giant cell tumour ; MRI ; Temporomandibular joint
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors report a case of giant cell tumour of the mandibular condyle, which is a rare finding. This tumour, studied using the main three radiological modalities (plain radiography, CT and MRI), showed characteristic radiological features of “giant cell tumour”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 14 (2000), S. 204-211 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Venenentnahme – Wundheilungsstörungen –¶kosmetische Inzision ; Key words Harvesting of the saphenous vein –¶wound healing disturbances – cosmetic incision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In Germany about 75000 patients received the CABG operation last year, these are about 75% of all open heart operation procedures. The most frequently used conduit is the greater saphenous vein. In the last years a lot of new minimally invasive techniques for vein harvesting revolutionized the field of CABG operation procedures, nevertheless the most common technique today is the traditional, open technique with long, continuous incision for the open preparation of the saphenous vein. Using traditional open saphenectomy, wound healing disturbances are common and have been reported to occur in 5–25% of patients. The prevalence of wound healing disturbances varies widely, depending to some degree of definition, as well of the intensity of follow up. Minimal and less invasive vein harvesting studies have been shown to be effective in decreasing leg wound disturbances, resulting much superior cosmetic results. Advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive vein harvesting techniques are today the topic of controversy discussions in heart surgery.¶   We reported our experience of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the saphenous vein using the Aesculap retractor system with performing 3–4 small cutaneous incisions. According to our experience these results show that the use of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the great saphenous vein is an attractive alternative to the traditional open harvest technique with fewer wound complication, more patient satisfaction and excellent cosmetic aspects. Therefore, we hope that less or minimally invasive systems for harvesting of the saphenous vein will be established in the future in CABG operation procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Jährlich werden in Deutschland ca. 75000 Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung (ca. 75% aller Herzoperationen) operativ versorgt. Als Bypassmaterial stehen arterielle Grafts und autologe Venen, vorwiegend die Vena saphena magna, zur Verfügung. In den letzten Jahren revolutionieren minimal-invasive Venenentnahmetechniken die Bypasschirurgie, dennoch erfolgt heute die Saphenektomie zum Großteil mittels kontinuierlicher Inzision der Haut vom Knöchel bis in die Leiste zur offenen Präparation der Vena saphena magna. Wundheilungsstörungen nach offener Saphenektomie werden wiederholt diskutiert und sind Gegenstand jeder herzchirurgischen Nachbehandlung nach koronarchirurgischen Eingriffen und Grund für die Aufwertung neuer, minimal-invasiver Entnahmetechniken. Diese Wundheilungsstörungen, je nach Beobachtungszeitraum, werden in der Literatur zwischen 5–25% angegeben. Die Vor- und Nachteile minimal-invasiver Systeme sind derzeit Inhalt kontroverser Diskussion.¶   Die vorgestellte Technik (modifizierte „Bridge”-Technik) zeigt erwünschte Ergebnisse, insbesondere eine sehr hohe Patientenzufriedenheit hinsichtlich des kosmetischen Ergebnisses und der nur geringen Einschränkung durch die Saphenektomiewunde(n). Es ließ sich nur eine geringe Rate an postoperativen Komplikationen (hier 3%) feststellen. Minimal-invasive Venenentnahmesysteme halten wir für praktikabel, effizient und leicht erlernbar. Wir sehen es deshalb als wichtig an, diese Techniken weiter im klinischen Gebrauch zu etablieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Reproduction Science 31 (1993), S. 113-122 
    ISSN: 0378-4320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Gerontology 25 (1990), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 0531-5565
    Keywords: erythrocyte lipid composition ; gemfibrozil ; geriatric patients ; hyperlipidemia ; rheological parameters
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 183 (1991), S. 99-104 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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