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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 30 (1999), S. 457-477 
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The discovery that DNA survives in ancient remains and can be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction has added a direct temporal dimension to evolutionary studies. Initial reports suggested that the time period open to investigation was vast, extending back into the Cretaceous period. However, attempts to replicate of results involving DNA purported to be over a million years old have not succeeded. Theoretical studies suggest that DNA is unlikely to survive intact more than about 100,000 years. However, even over this time period, the evolutionary questions that can be addressed are far reaching and include systematics, paleoecology, the origin of diseases, and evolutionary processes at the population level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 114 (1992), S. 9208-9209 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colicins translocate across the Escherichia coli outer membrane and periplasm by interacting with several receptors. After first binding to outer membrane surface receptors via their central region, they interact with TolA or TonB proteins via their N-terminal regions. Finally, the toxic C-terminal region is inserted into or across the cytoplasmic membrane. We have measured the binding of colicin N to TolA by isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) and tryptophan fluorescence. The isolated N-terminal domain exhibits a higher affinity for TolA (Kd = 1 μM) than does the whole colicin (18 μM), and similar behaviour has been observed when the N-terminal domain of the g3p protein of the bacteriophage fd, which also binds TolA, is examined in isolation and in situ. This may indicate a similar mechanism in which a cryptic TolA binding site is revealed after primary receptor binding. The isolated colicin N N-terminal domain appears to be unstructured in circular dichroism and fluorescence studies. We have used mutagenesis and ITC to characterize the TolA binding site and have shown it to be of a different sequence and much further from the N-terminus than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Australasian journal of dermatology 34 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a randomised double-blind vehicle controlled trial of 0.05% tretinoin cream in the treatment of photodamaged skin, the histological results of paired biopsies from 28 individuals who applied tretinoin for 26 weeks are compared with 28 paired biopsies from a control group applying vehicle alone. There was a significant increase in epidermal thickness in the tretinoin-treated group (P〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:00048380:AJD89:AJD_89_fu1" location="image_n/AJD_89_fu1.gif"/〉.001). Epidermal atrophy was reversed in ten patients applying tretinoin cream.Baseline biopsies obtained from participants in Melbourne, Victoria (38° latitude) showed significantly less elastosis than those in Sydney (34° latitude) and Newcastle in N.S.W., although the two groups did not show significant differences in age or sex, and the differences could not be correlated with skin type. Tretinoin cream had no effect on the degree of solar elastosis after 26 weeks application. Tretinoin cream appears effective in reversing epidermal atrophy and clinically diminishes fine wrinkling, mottled hyperpigmentation and skin roughness. Tretinoin cream may not offer a solution to the gross solar damage seen in the Australian population who have marked solar elastosis as a principal, clinical and histologie finding. However it is possible that dermal repair and reversal of solar elastosis may require topical application of tretinoin cream for a longer period than the six months used in this trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Australasian journal of dermatology 35 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Australasian journal of dermatology 35 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A multicentre clinical trial has been conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of tretinoin 0.05% cream (Retin-A®) in the treatment of photodamaged Australian skin. Subjects with cutaneous facial photodamage were randomised to treatment with tretinoin (62) or vehicle (63) cream. After an initial two week run-in, all subjects applied the cream to the face, neck and left forearm/hand, once nightly for 24 weeks. Changes in clinical signs of photodamage and parameters of cutaneous irritation were assessed by investigators using a 7 point scale, whilst changes in signs of photodamage were rated by subjects using a 5 point scale. Changes in skin biopsies and silicone skin surface replicas were also assessed. Significant improvements in skin wrinkles, mottled hyperpigmentation, laxity, lentigines and roughness of tretinoin treated subjects were noted by investigators. Subjects receiving tretinoin noted significant improvements in skin wrinkles, tightness, colour and pores. Improvement in overall severity of photodamage was significantly greater for tretinoin treated subjects and was progressive over the study period. Histological findings included a significant increase in mean epidermal thickness. Significant topographical changes were not detected in skin surface replica sets. Cutaneous irritation, the most common side effect, was usually mild and transient. We conclude that tretinoin 0.05% cream significantly improved the appearance of photodamaged skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Australasian journal of dermatology 21 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Australasian journal of dermatology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Australasian journal of dermatology 40 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In early 1995 we surveyed all 250 practicing Australian members of the Australasian College of Dermatologists by a mail-out questionnaire to determine information, such as the caseload imposed by atopic dermatitis, the severity of cases seen by dermatologists, current treatment and dermatologists’ satisfaction with treatment. One hundred and forty-nine responses were received. Fifty per cent of patients with atopic dermatitis seen by dermatologists were younger than 10 years, 18% were 10–16 years, and 32% were older than 16 years. Disease was considered to be severe in 18% of patients, moderate in 41% and mild in 41%. Emollients and topical corticosteroids were the most commonly used treatments but there was wide variation in other treatments used by individual dermatologists. Only 10% of respondents were very satisfied with existing treatments for severe atopic dermatitis; 20% of patients with severe disease were considered as refractory or non-responsive. New therapies such as cyclosporin have the potential to improve existing standards of care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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