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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling temperature effects on growth–respiration relations of maize (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The temperature dependence of plant growth rate is related to the temperature dependence of respiratory metabolism. To determine how the effects of temperature on respiration rate and efficiency are transmitted to growth, this study measured the dark metabolic heat rate (q) and CO2 production rate (RCO2) in excised shoots of seedlings of 14 maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) at several temperatures. The temperature coefficients of q and RCO2 differ within a given cultivar and also differ among the cultivars. Both q and RCO2 exhibit an isokinetic temperature of 20 ± 3 °C. The measured temperature dependences of q and RCO2 were used to model the temperature dependences of both growth and substrate carbon conversion efficiency. This procedure may be useful in determining the suitability of cultivars for growth in a given climate and in understanding metabolic adaptation to climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00350.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliar metabolic heat rate of seedlings and mature trees of Pinus ponderosa exposed to acid rain and ozone (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We investigated the effects of acid rain and ozone on respiration rates of 1-year-old and current-year foliage of half-sib seedlings and mature clones of a ponderosa pine genotype by measurement of foliar metabolic heat rates. Two rain regimes (pH 5-1 and 3-0) were applied weekly to foliage only, from January to April 1992. Two ozone regimes (ambient and twice-ambient) were applied from September 1991 to November 1992. Metabolic heat rate was measured in April on 1-year-old foliage, in June on both 1-year-old and current-year foliage, and in November on current-year foliage in 1992. Except for current-year foliage in June, the metabolic heat rate was calculated per unit of both foliar dry mass and N mass. In seedlings, both measures of metabolic heat rate increased in late June for 1-year-old foliage exposed to twice-ambient ozone, and in November for current-year foliage exposed to the combination of twice-ambient ozone and pH 3-0 rain. In mature trees, metabolic heat rate was not affected significantly by ozone, rain acidity, or their interaction. In June, when both 1-year-old and current-year tissues were examined, the metabolic heat rate of expanding, current-year foliage was higher than that of fully expanded, 1-year-old foliage regardless of plant age or treatment combination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00410.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors controlling the Interconversion of Enzyme–Substrate Compounds of Pig Heart Lactate Dehydrogenase (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 220 (1968), S. 1091-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stopped flow and temperature jump experiments make possible a description of the individual catalytic steps. Detailed results favour the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2201091a0
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High- and low-temperature limits to growth of tomato cells (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 195 (1994), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calorimetry ; Chilling ; Heat-stress injury ; Lycopersicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the metabolic rates of cultured tomato cells (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry as a continuous function over the range from near 0 to above 45°C. Metabolic rates increase exponentially with temperature over the permissive range for growth (approx. 10–30°C). Outside this range irreversible loss of metabolic activity occurs. The rate of activity loss is time and temperature dependent, increasing as the exposure temperature diverges from the permissive range and increasing with time at any nonpermissive temperature. Metabolic heat rates obtained while scanning down from intermediate (25°C) to low temperature (0°C) yielded Arrhenius plots with pronounced downward curvature below about 12°C. The increase in apparent activation energy below 12°C is a function of the scan rate, showing its time dependency. This time dependency caused by inactivation confounds many estimates of apparent activation energy. Scanning up to high temperature shows that activity loss at high temperature is also time and temperature dependent. No first-order phase transitions associated with the changes in metabolism were detected at either low or high temperatures. Studies with lamellar lipid preparations added to cells show that temperature-induced transitions of lipids at levels equivalent to 4% of the lipid content of the cells were detectable. Cells with altered lipid composition showed altered temperature dependence of inactivation. High pressures (in the range from 10 to 14 MPa) shift the high temperature threshold and the rate of metabolic activity loss, supporting a postulate that higher-order transitions may be associated with inactivation of metabolism. Higher-order transitions of lipids or first-order transitions encompassing only a small fraction of total lipid remain among several viable postulates to explain temperature-dependent loss in activity. Alternative postulates are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206284
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-temperature responses of tomato cells during high- and low-temperature inactivation (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 185 (1991), S. 576-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calorimetry ; Cell culture (temperature responses) ; Lysopersicon (temperature responses) ; Temperature response and stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Precise time and temperature dependences of the decrease of metabolism of cultured cells of tomato (Lysopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. L. peruvianum (L.) Mill.) resulting from exposures to high and low temperatures were determined. Equations of the form Ln (activity)= C +1 [A+(T-Tm)N+B] describe thermal inactivation and allow prediction of activity loss following any thermal excursion beyond limits of temperature stability. The experimental parameters A, B, C and N derived from these equations allow precise comparison of temperature sensitivities of cells. Analysis of metabolic heat rates, O2-consumption rates and CO2-evolution rates demonstrated simultaneous shifts in metabolic pathways and metabolic activities towards more anaerobic metabolism below about 12° C and at high temperatures that stress growth of tomato cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202969
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting petite induction and the recovery of respiratory competence in yeast cells exposed to ethidium bromide (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 144 (1976), S. 253-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When growing cultures of S. cerevisiae are treated with high concentrations of ethidium bromide (〉50 μg/ml), three phases of petite induction may be observed: I. the majority of cells are rapidly converted to petite, II. subsequently a large proportion of cells recover the ability to form respiratory competent clones, and III. slow, irreversible conversion of all cells to petite. The extent of recovery of respiratory competence observed is dependent on the strain of S. cerevisiae employed and the temperature and the carbon source used in the growth medium. The effects of 100 μg/ml ethidium bromide are also produced by 10 μg/ml ethidium bromide in the presence of the detergent, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and recovery is also observed when cells are treated with 10 μg/ml ethidium bromide under starvation conditions. Genetic analysis of strain differences indicates that a number of nuclear genes influence petite induction by ethidium bromide. In one strain, S288C, petite induction by 100 μg/ml ethidium bromide is extremely slow under certain conditions. Mitochondria isolated from S288C lack the ethidium bromide stimulated nuclease activity found in D243-4A, a strain which shows triphasic kinetics of petite formation. This enzyme may, therefore, be responsible for the initial phase of rapid petite formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341723
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and genetic events accompanying petite induction and recovery of respiratory competence induced by ethidium bromide (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 144 (1976), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The treatment of yeast cells with high levels of ethidium bromide causes a rapid induction of respiratory deficient mutants followed by a period of recovery to respiratory competence in 60 to 70% of the cells. Prolonged exposure then results in a final irreversible phase of petite formation. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of 3H-adenine labelled mtDNA indicates that limited fragmentation (to about 16-18S) occurs during the initial phase of petite induction followed by a reassembly of the fragments during the period corresponding to the recovery of respiratory competence. The reassembly is associated with an ethidium bromide insensitive incorporation of 3H-adenine into mtDNA at a level consistent with repair synthesis. Genetic analyses, based on the transmission of five markers carried on the mtDNA of “repaired ρ+” clones, suggests that reassembly occurs with a high degree of fidelity, though in two of a total of twenty five clones differences in marker transmission frequency were observed which could possibly reflect an altered gene order. In addition, a description is given of the marked changes in the suppressive nature of the treated cells and the temporary reduction in the capacity for marker transmission seen to accompany the transitory fragmentation of the mtDNA. The final phase of petite induction is an energy dependent degradation of the mtDNA to produce a ρ0 culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341724
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombination in yeast mitochondrial DNA (1972)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 1 (1972), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: When haploid yeast strains containing mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of different buoyant densities are mated, the resulting zygotes contain a mixed population of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNAs. During vegetative growth of diploid cells formed from such a cross between a petite strain with mtDNA of density 1.677 g cm-3 and a respiratory competent strain with mtDNA of density 1.684 g cm-3, mtDNAs with intermediate buoyant densities are obtained. Virtually all newly synthesized mtDNA in diploid ρ- progeny has the intermediate buoyant density. Therefore, within 2 generations of growth of the diploid cells, the intermediate buoyant density species predominate. In crosses between a respiratory competent strain and other petite strains with different values of genetic suppressiveness, it was found that the amount of recombination yielding mtDNAs of intermediate buoyant densities roughly parallels the degree of suppressiveness. Individual clones of respiratory deficient cells from such crosses were also isolated to confirm that stable mtDNAs with intermediate buoyant densities were obtained. Thus, it is apparent that some form of recombination takes place within the mtDNAs of yeast cells that results in stable mtDNA species.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400010207
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