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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chicken pieces were cooked in fresh corn oil and in corn oil previously heated up to 42 hr. Both raw and cooked chicken pieces were also frozen and stored for periods up to 6 months prior to analyses. Phospholipids were separated from muscle and skin, and identified primarily as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Total phosphorus content of phospholipids decreased during cooking in fresh corn oil by chemical reactions and/or by rendering fats from muscle. Phosphatidylcholine decreased the most. Use of reheated corn oil accentuated the changes in phospholipids. During frozen storage, phosphorus content of muscle decreased by an amount similar to that which occurred during cooking. Chicken skin contained less total phosphorus than muscle, and increased slightly during the cooking process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 38 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for precooking and reheating chicken with microwave energy, suitable for a centralized processing operation, was evaluated. Chicken pieces, with and without a sodium polyphosphate marination and precooked using microwave energy and steam followed by breading and browning, were compared with those breaded and precooked in corn oil under pressure. All pieces were individually quick frozen (IQF), packaged and later reheated with microwave energy. One-half of the pieces were stored for 3 months under fluctuating temperature conditions. Prestorage chicken was more acceptable than that held 3 months under fluctuating temperatures. Phosphate-treated fresh chicken was more juicy and tender than controls, and highest yields were obtained by a combination of phosphate marination and microwave-steam precooking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 36 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: — This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Contract Ul-00131-06.Liquid whole egg to which acetic, butyric, lactic, propionic and succinic acids were added, or which had previously been incubated at room temperature to different microbial populations, was pasteurized at 60.5°C for 3.5 min. A liquid-liquid extraction method, including the centrifugation of the denatured egg, was developed for extraction of all 5 acids. The recovery of the 5 acids was evaluated by an improved gas-liquid chromatographic procedure. Lactic and succinic acids were recovered from the liquid whole egg samples and chromatographed as their butyl ester derivatives and acetic, propionic and butyric acids were recovered and chromatographed as the acids per se. The fresh egg samples containing small amounts of acetic and lactic acid and liquid whole egg product, incubated until a microbial population of 4.5 × 106 was obtained, con tained only these 2 acids at a higher concentration. The pasteurization process did not affect concentration of the added short-chain organic acids or those which accumulated during the incubation period; thus, accurate and valid analyses of the short-chain organic acids can be accomplished in pasteurized whole egg products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Meat and water slurries of both leg and breast muscle from heavy hens were cooked in a nitrogen atmosphere. Some of the chemical components in the volatile fraction were identified by solubility classification, derivative preparation, and/or functional group analysis in combination with gas chromatography and/or qualitative chemical analyses and odor evaluation. Twenty-nine compounds in the volatiles from leg muscle and 25 compounds from breast muscle were identified by the functional-group trapping technique followed by gas chromatography of the effluent fractions. Qualitative chemical tests revealed 19 major classes of compounds and a few specific compounds.Removal of sulfur compounds resulted in an almost complete loss of “meaty odor” in both dark and light meat. Removal of the carbonyls from the volatile fraction resulted in a loss of “chickeny-flavor” and intensification of the “meaty or beef-like odor.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 29 (1925), S. 551-556 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments were carried out in consecutive years to examine the influence of cutting date and restricting fermentation by carboxylic acid treatment on the nutrient intake from grass silage by beef cattle. In year 1, four cutting dates during July and August after a primary growth harvest and, in year 2, five cutting dates of primary growth between mid-May and early July were examined. Herbage was ensiled either untreated or treated with high levels of acid additive (‘Maxgrass’, mean 8·6 l t−1). Ninety-six (year 1) or forty-eight (year 2) continental cross steers were used in partially balanced changeover design experiments with each silage type either unsupplemented or supplemented with 4·5 (year 1) or 5·5 (year 2) kg concentrates head−1 d−1. Silage digestibility declined significantly between initial and final harvest dates (P 〈 0·001), whereas silage dry-matter (DM) and digestible energy (DE) intakes were significantly higher in the initial compared with final harvest dates in both years of the study (P 〈 0·01). Similarly, silage DM and DE intakes, and total DM intakes, of acid-treated and unsupplemented silages were greater than those of untreated and concentrate supplemented silages, respectively (P 〈 0·001). The results indicate that earlier cutting dates, and addition of acid to herbage before ensiling, can increase silage DM intake by beef cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 29 (1925), S. 1408-1414 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 12 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Turkey breast or thigh muscle was mixed with 2% pure salt, rock salt, or pure salt plus 50 ppm of one or a combination of copper, iron or magnesium. Efficacy of 2 antioxidants was tested. Lipid oxidation was monitored during refrigerated and frozen storage of raw and cooked turkey by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. TBA results indicated that the most significant prooxidant effect was caused by salt plus Cu2+ and Fe2+ followed by salt plus Fe3+ or Cu2+ alone. Tenox 6 was an effective antioxidant in the presence of copper and iron ions. Thigh meat was more susceptible to oxidation than breast meat. Cooking had a significant prooxidant effect as measured by TBA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chicken frankfurters, prepared with various levels of sodium nitrite (0, 20, 40, 60, 100, and 156 ppm) were heated either in a microwave oven, boiled or broiled and then analyzed for N-nitrosamines. As expected, “apparent” N-nitrosamine levels increased with increasing concentrations of sodium nitrite. The effect of the various heating procedures on N-nitrosamine formation was inconclusive, due possibly to the low levels of “apparent” N-nitrosamines present. The two most common N-nitrosamines present appeared to be N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosomorpholine. However, only in the frankfurter samples prepared with 156 ppm nitrite was the presence of N-nitrosomorpholine confirmed by mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 31 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipid material from skin, depot fat, and dark and white meat from broiler-type male chickens was fractionated into neutral lipids and phospholipids by column chromatography. The fatty acids of these fractions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography.Muscle tissues contained relatively larger quantities of phospholipids than did skin and depot fat. Neutral lipids and phospholipids had similar percentages of unsaturated fatty acids. Some 18 different fatty acids were found in the neutral lipids, and 22 fatty acids were found in the phospholipid fraction. The composition of fatty acids in the neutral lipids was similar in the four tissues. Phospholipids from muscle tissues contained more long-chain fatty acids than phospholipids from skin and depot fat. Arachidonic acid was found to be one of the major fatty acids in the phospholipid fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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