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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-phospholipid antibodies and cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 135 (1995), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral vasospasm ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; lupus anticoagulant ; anti-cardiolipin antibodies ; platelet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Delayed ischaemic deficits due to cerebral vasospasm contribute to the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage. We evaluated the usefulness of measuring anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs) for prediction of the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm and the outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage. 32 consecutive patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to ruptured cerebral aneurysms were studied. They were admitted and operated on within 72 hours after the onset of subarachnoid haemorrhage. aPLs such as lupus anticoagulants, anti-cardiolipin IgG and anti-cardiolipin IgM were measured repeatedly after admission. Furthermore, platelet count, platelet aggregability and plasma platelet factor 4 were also measured. Eleven among the 32 patients (34.4%) showed positive in the examination for aPLs. Although aPLs could not predict symptomatic vasospasm, once symptomatic vasospasm occurred, patients with aPLs frequently demonstrated cerebral infarction and there-fore their outcome was worse. aPLs were associated with a severe initial clinical grade and SAH grade on CT scan. Therefore it may explain the association of aPLs with worse outcome. aPLs were detected between 1 and 7 days. Four of 6 patients (67%) with aPLs became negative between 7 and 13 days after subarachnoid haemorrhage. The mechanism of transient aPLs is unclear but it is more likely to occur in the severer grade patients. The reduction in platelet count, the increased platelet aggregability, and the increased plasma platelet factor 4 concentration were also observed in aPLs-positive patients with symptomatic vasospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187767
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetazolamide produced blood flow velocity changes measured by laser Doppler in gerbils with reduced CBF (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 81-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral ischaemia ; vascular reserve ; acetazolamide ; laser Doppler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of acetazolamide on the cerebral blood flow was studied in gerbils with unilateral carotid ligation. According to the effect of ligation the animals were divided into three groups: first group — the reduction more than 70%, second — CBF reduction 30–70% and the third group — CBF reduction less than 30%. The effect of acetazolamide administration was closely related to the effect of carotid ligation. More reduction of CBF was produced by carotid ligation, less increase of CBF after acetazolamide injection was noticed. The acetazolamide vascular reserve test was found a sensitive and useful method for detecting even modest reduction of vascular reserve in animals with slight — less than 30% CBF decrease following carotid ligation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411729
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflammatory Cytokines Locally Elevated in Chronic Subdural Haematoma (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Chronic subdural haematoma; cytokines; subdural effusion; inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The involvement of inflammation in the development and propagation of chronic subdural haematoma (CSH) was investigated by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). Peripheral venous blood and subdural fluid were obtained at the time of burr hole surgery from 34 patients with CSH and from 9 with subdural effusion. The levels of the inflammatory cytokines were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The blood levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in both CSH and subdural effusion groups were almost within the range of normal subjects, and no differences were observed between the two groups. IL-6 and IL-8 in the subdural fluid were much higher than in the blood of both groups, and the levels in CSH patients were significantly higher (10 times) than in subdural effusion patients. Local elevation of inflammatory cytokines in the subdural space of both CSH and subdural effusion without systemic change suggests the presence of local inflammation in the two diseases. The same behavioural patterns of cytokines for these and higher levels of cytokines in the CSH also suggest that inflammatory cytokines may be involved in the continuous development from subdural effusion to CSH and propagation of CSH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050057
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoconstriction of external carotid arteries after rupture of intracranial aneurysms (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 50 (1979), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Vasoconstriction ; aneurysm rupture ; cerebral vasospasm ; external carotid arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasoconstriction of the external carotid arteries, which has not been previously reported, was investigated angiographically in 23 patients who had intracranial vasospasm after aneurysm rupture. In about 50% of these patients vasoconstrictive change in the external carotid arteries was also found. These changes were not seen in control cases without intracranial vasospasm. Pathogenesis of the vasoconstriction of the external carotid arteries was discussed with particular emphasis on the relationship with sympathetic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01808525
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the cerebral vascular bed in experimental hydrocephalus: An angio-architectural and histological study (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 114 (1992), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; ventriculo-peritoneal shunting ; microscopy ; cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The angio-architectural and histological changes of small cerebral blood vessels in experimental hydrocephalus were studied to assess the changes of the vascular bed in the cerebral mantle. Change of the microvasculature assessed from microcorrosion casts by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the histological changes shown by light and electron microscopy were compared before and after shunting for hydrocephalus. The changes of the rCBF were also evaluated by the hydrogen clearance method. In hydrocephalus, a reduction in the number and caliber of the capillaries was noted in both the white and gray matter in the SEM study, but the capillaries were preserved and changes were mild and nonspecific in the electron microscopic examination. Shunting resulted in the reversal of all these changes to normal along with recovery of the rCBF, which had decreased in hydrocephalus. These observations suggest that changes of the vascular bed participate in the alteration of cerebral mantle width in the hydrocephalic process, and that the changes of the microvasculature result not only from damage to the capillaries themselves but also from changes of the perivascular structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01401113
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation and Precipitation Behavior in the New Conceptual TMCP Process Utilizing Heat Treatment On-Line Process (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 4732-4737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: New conceptual TMCP process for manufacturing high strength steel plates, which isapplied an on-line heat treatment immediately after accelerated cooling (ACC), was developed.Transformation and precipitation behavior in the new TMCP process was investigated andcompared with those in conventional ACC process and quenching and tempering process (Q+T).In the ACC process and Q+T process, microstructures were consisted of bainitic ferrite andsecond phase, such as cementite or martensite-austenite constituent (MA). And fine carbides, whichwere formed randomly, were observed in Q+T steel. On the other hand, in the new TMCP processpolygonal ferrite was observed in addition to bainitic ferrite and cementite, and two kinds ofprecipitation forms, random precipitation and row precipitation, were observed. It was found thatferrite transformation is promoted during heating after accelerated cooling, which brings rowprecipitation of fine carbides.Furthermore, Control of the formation of MA this new TMCP process. In the conventionalACC process, MA constituents are formed from carbon enriched untransformed austenite during aircooling after ACC, and formation of MA is hard to prevent for higher strength steels. On the otherhand, carbon enrichment to untransformed austenite can be prevented by carbide formation duringon-line heat treatment after ACC. It was demonstrated that homogeneous microstructure with verylow amount of MA constituents was achieved by the new TMCP process. And, absence of brittlephase brought excellent resistance to hydrogen induced cracking in NACE sour environment.In this paper, details of the metallurgical and mechanical feature of this new TMCP steel werediscussed, and application to sour resistant linepipe steel was introduced
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/15/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.539-543.4732.pdf
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Austenite as a Harder Second Phase on Ferrite Substructure Evolution by Intercritical Rolling (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 558-559 (Oct. 2007), p. 607-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Effect of austenite as a harder second phase on ferrite substructure evolution by intercriticalrolling has been investigated using 0.12C-0.3Si-1.35Mn steel. Slab was reheated at 780°C (ferrite; α +austenite; γ phase region) and rolled with 90% reduction down to 12mm in thickness using laboratorymill. 700°C (ferrite; α + cementite; θ phase region) rolled plate was also prepared to compare with 780°Crolled plate. Microstructure distribution along the plate thickness has been observed in detail by SEMand EBSD. Microstructure showed mixed structure of fine-grained ferrite and elongated ferrite for bothof the plates. The ratio of fine-grained ferrite region was around 50% at the plate surface, however,fine-grained ferrite formation hardly occurred at mid thickness for 700°C rolled plate. FEM analysisrevealed that fine-grained ferrite distribution along the thickness can be well explained by equivalentplastic strain distribution along the plate thickness for 700°C rolled plate. Equivalent plastic strainshowed maximum value near the plate surface due to shear strain component, and it could helpsubstructure evolution and fine grained ferrite formation. On the other hand, the ratio of fine-grainedferrite region reached to 50% all through the thickness for 780°C rolled plate. Austenite as a hardersecond phase seems to promote ferrite substructure evolution even at mid thickness of the plate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/17/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.558-559.607.pdf
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Switching phenomena in CdIn2S4 thin films (1983)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1846-1851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Electronic properties of thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si sono studiati due tipi di fenomeni di commutazione in film sottili amorfi e policristallini di CdIn2S4 che sono stati ottenuti col metodo di evaporazione nel vuoto e col metodo di spruzzamento a c.c., rispettivamente. Uno è il cosiddetto fenomeno di commutazione della memoria che nasce dal percorso del filamento a bassa resistenza. Un altro è il caratteristico fenomeno di commutazione nel quale la resistività cambia bruscamente ogni qual volta la temperatura ambiente raggiunge un valore critico. Il tempo di commutazione è breve e intorno ai 100 ns. Questo fenomeno di commutazione è in relazione ai difetti innati nel reticolo CdIn2S4 perché questi possono essere osservati nei film policristallini cosí come nei film sottili amorfi.
    Abstract: РезУме Исследуится два типа явлений коммутации в поликристаллических и аморфных тонких пленках CdIn2S4, которые приготовлены методом вакуумного испарения и методом d.c. напыления. Одно явление представляет так называемое явление запоминающею коммутации. Другое представляет характеристическое явление коммутации, в котором удельное сопротивление резко меняется, когда температура окружающею среды достигает критическою величины. Время коммутации меньше или порядка 100 нс. Это явление коммутации связано с природными дефектами в решетке CdIn2S4, так как они могут наблюдаться в поликристаллических, а талже в аморфных тонких пленках.
    Notes: Summary Two kinds of switching phenomena in CdIn2S4 polycrystalline and amorphous thin films which were prepared by the vacuum evaporation method and the d.c. sputtering method, respectively, were studied. One is the so-called memory switching phenomenon arising from the low resistive filament path. Another is a characteristic switching phenomenon in which the resistivity abruptly changes whenever the ambient temperature reaches a critical value. The switching time is fast and about 100 ns. This switching phenomenon is related to the native defects in the CdIn2S4 lattice, because they can be observed in the polycrystalline as well as in the amorphous thin films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457875
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoresistance of CdIn2S4 single crystals (1983)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1886-1890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La resistenza magnetica è stata misurata in cristalli singoli di CdIn2S4 con concentrazioni di portatori diverse che variano da 4.3·1015 cm−3 a 8.5·1018 cm−3. I risultati indicano che il minimo della banda di conduzione del CdIn2S4 è situato ak=0.
    Abstract: Резюме Измеряется магниторезистивный эффект в монокристаллах CdIn2S4, имеющих различные концентрации носителей от 4.3·1015 см−3 до 8.5·1018 см−3. Полученные результаты указывают, что минимум зоны проводимости в CdIn2S4 приk=0.
    Notes: Summary Magnetoresistance was measured on CdIn2S4 single crystals having various carrier concentrations ranging from 4.3·1015 cm−3 to 8.5·1018 cm−3. The results indicate that the minimum of the conduction band of CdIn2S4 is located atk=0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457881
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical and optical properties of CuIn5S8 single crystals (1983)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1875-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Molte proprietà ottiche e di trasporto sono state studiate sui cristalli singoli di tipon di CuIn5S8. Si è determinato che il gap di energia a 0 K dalle misurazioni elettriche è 1.4 eV. Si è trovata un'anisotropia dell'effetto di magnetoresistenza e si è suggerito che i minimi della banda di conduzione siano situati in punti lungo le direzioni [100] nello spaziok. Si è trovata una banda di assorbimento ottico in una regione dell'infrarosso di (1÷1.6) μm, che è state attribuita alle transizioni delle piú basse bande di conduzione situate lungo le direzioni [100] a una piú alta banda di conduzione.
    Abstract: Резюме Исследуются некоторые транспортные и оптические свойства монокристаллов CuIn5S8 n-типа. Из электрических измерений определяется энергетическая щель при 0 К, которая составляет 1.4 эВ. Обнаружена анизотропия магниторезистивного эффекта. Предполагается, что минимумы зоны проводимости расположены в точках вдоль направления [100] вk-пространстве. Обнаружена оптическая зона поглощения в инфракрасной области (1÷1.6) мкм, которая связана с переходами из нижней зоны проводимости, расположенной вдоль направлений [100], В верхнюю зону проводимости.
    Notes: Summary Several transport and optical properties have been studied onn-type CuIn5S8 single crystals. The energy gap at 0 K was determined from the electrical measurements to be 1.4 eV. An anisotropy of the magnetoresistance effect was found and it was suggested that the minima of the conduction band were located at points along the [100] directions ink-space. An optical-absorption band was found in an infrared region of (1÷1.6) μm and was attributed to the transitions from the lowest conduction band situated along the [100] directions to an upper conduction band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457879
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