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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-three independent man-hamster (CH/HGPRT-) hybrids were analysed for human acid lipases and for some other human enzyme markers (PP, GOT 1, PGP) and chromosomes. Eighteen independent man-mouse (LA/HGPRT-TK−) hybrids were analysed for human acid lipases, human enzyme marker PGP and human chromosomes. Three fibroblasts from unrelated patients with WD (Wolman's disease), one fibroblast from a heterozygote for WD, and 15 normal fibroblasts were analysed for acid lipases. The following results were obtained: 1) A positive correlation was observed between acid lipase A and Chr. 10, and between acid lipase B and Chr. 16. In fact, among 23 independent man-hamster hybrids, 6 were Chr. 10+PP+GOT 1+LIP A+ and 17 were Chr. 10-PP-GOT 1-LIP A-, and among 41 independent man-rodent hybrids 23 were Chr. 16+ PGP+LIP B+ and 18 were Chr. 16-PGP-LIP B-. Except for Chr. 10, the other autosomes were observed in hybrids LIP A−, and except for Chr. 16, the other autosomes were observed in hybrids LIP B-. These results indicate that the gene for lipase A is on Chr. 10 and the gene for lipase B is on Chr. 16. 2) The acid lipase A is deficient in WD fibroblasts. Therefore the mutation responsible for WD is on Chr. 10. The B, C and at least three additional lipases were observed in WD fibroblasts and in WD heterozygote fibroblasts at pH 4.0 and with 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate as substrate. The relationship between these different acid lipases are obscure. In the normal fibroblasts from healthy control subjects a considerable variation in acid lipase A activity was observed. In some normal fibroblasts from healthy control subjects, in which the lipase A is reduced, we observed the same acid lipase zymogram pattern as in WD heterozygote fibroblasts.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human/hamster hybrid cell cultures were examined for the presence of ARSA and other marker enzymes. Many of these hybrids were also analyzed for human chromosomes. Our results confirm the assignment of ARSA to chromosome 22.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new case of neonatal glutaric aciduria type II is reported. Neonatal acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia were characteristic. The baby died at four days of age. Organic acid analysis revealed massive glutaric aciduria with elevated concentrations of butyric, isobutyric, n-butyric, and isovaleric acid in his urine. The baby's pedigree suggested strongly an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. Clinically, biochemically, and genetically glutaric aciduria type II is an heterogeneous disorder. The neonatal form is an X-linked inherited disorder which presents early in life, and is associated with metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia, and leads to death in the neonatal period. The mild form is an autosomal recessive inherited disease which may present even in adults, and is associated with recurrent hypoglycemia without ketosis and usually improves. Nevertheless the same unusual organic acid pattern is observed in both forms. The basic biochemical defect must be distinct and has not been elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By using somatic cell hybrids between HPRT deficient hamster cells and fibroblasts derived from a patient with a X/22 translocation t(X;22)(q13;q112), we have assigned the genes for human ARSA, DIA 1, and ACO 2 to region q112→qter of human chromosome 22 and the gene for human PGK close to the breakpoint in band Xq13.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Tan et al. haben durch Hybridisierung somatischer Zellen von Mensch und Maus zeigen können, daß das Gen, welches die Synthese der dimeren Form der Indophenoloxydase kontrolliert, auf dem menschlichen Chromosom 21 lokalisiert ist. Angeregt durch diese Arbeit, haben wir die Aktivität dieses Enzyms bei 11 Individuen mit Down-Syndrom und 11 Kontrollen untersucht (Alter von 2 bis 20 Jahren). Die Enzymbestimmungen wurden mit Hilfe der Stärkegelektrophorese von Hämolysaten identischer Hämoglobingehalte durchgeführt. Die Elektrophorese wurde mit einem Sebia-Cellomatic-Gerät ausgewertet und jeder Punkt in der Auswertung mit einem Standard-Hämoglobinfleck verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine statistisch signifikante Vermehrung der dimeren Form von IPO bei Patienten mit Trisomie 21 entsprechend einem Gendosiseffekt.
    Notes: Summary Tan et al. using mouse-human somatic cell hybrids demonstrated that the gene controlling the synthesis of the dimeric form of I.P.O. was localized on the human G-21 chromosome. Using this work, we studied activity of this enzyme in 11 individuals with Down's Syndrome and 11 controls (aged from 2 to 20 years). The enzymatic studies were performed on starch gel electrophoresis of hemolysates of identical hemoglobin contents. Electrophoresis were read with a cellomatic Sebia reader and each spot surface compared to standard Hb Spot. The results show a statistically significant overdosing of the dimeric form of IPO in 21 trisomy patients, which correlates well with the gene overdosing.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 24 (1974), S. 271-284 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude familiale portant sur 598 rétinoblastomes dont 10,5% sont familiaux et 36% bilateraux, a permis de confirmer que tous les rétinoblastomes bilatéraux sont la conséquence de mutations germinales anciennes ou récentes, donc héréditaires et se transmettent selon le mode dominant autosomique avec un risque de 50% pour les descendants; quant aux rétinoblastomes unilatéraux, une partie seulement est héréditaire, la grande majorité étant due à des mutations somatiques non transmissibles; aucun élément ne perment de distinguer les deux formes lorsqu'il s'agit d'un cas isolé et le risque pour la descendance est inférieur à 10% (1,2 à 11,8% selon les enquêtes). Dans les cas dits sporadiques, le risque de récurrence est plus élevé pour les germains des formes bilatérales que pour ceux des formes unilatérales (6,2 et 0,6%); il est faible pour les descendants des germains sains d'unilatéraux (0,4%) et certainement nul pour ceux des bilatéraux. La fréquence en France peut être estimée entre 4 et 5x10-5 et le taux de mutation à 5x10-6. La théorie mutationnelle de Knudson selon laquelle le rétinoblastome serait la conséquence de deux mutations affectant la même cellule rétinienne, deux mutations somatiques dans les formes non héréditaires, une mutation germinale suivie d'une mutation somatique dans les formes héréditaires rend assez bien compte de la distribution familiale, mais n'explique pas les variations de pénétrance et la forte proportion de porteurs sains (16% des formes héréditaires). L'hypothèse d'une prémutation consistant en une cassure transmissible et pouvant aboutir à une délétion est avancée.
    Notes: Summary A genetic study of 598 patients with retinoblastoma was made-10.5% were familial, 36% had the bilateral form. The data confirmed that these two forms differ in their mode of inheritance; the bilateral are due to a germinal dominant mutation, whereas the unilateral are due in most cases to a somatic mutation and are therefore non-hereditary. The recurrence risk among the offspring of sporadic unilateral cases amounts to 1.2–11.8%. The incidence of the disease among the sibs of sporadic cases is higher if the index case has a bilateral form (6.2% vs. 0.6%). Contrarily, the incidence is higher among the offspring of normal sibs when the index case has a unilateral form. The incidence of the retinoblastoma has been estimated at 5x10-5 in a French population with a mutation rate of 5x10-6. Knudson has developed the hypothesis that retinoblastoma is caused by two mutational events. In the dominantly inherited form one mutation is germinal, the second occurs in the retinal cells. In the non-heritary form both occur in somatic cells. Knudson's hypothesis accounts reasonably well for the familial distribution of retinoblastoma but does not correlate with the proportion of healthy carriers and changes of penetrance. The hypothesis is put forward that premutational events responsible for these changes of penetrance include chromosomal breakages susceptible to repair or to further evolution to deletion.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytogenetic and biochemical analysis of 10 independant Chimpanzee-Mouse cell hybrids and of 18 subclones of one of these showed that PPH, PGM1 and Pep-C are localized on the Chimpanzee chromosome homologous to the human chromoosome No. 1.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 64 (1983), S. 311-314 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 68 (1984), S. 221-227 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tissue distribution of different glutathione S-transferases (GST) is analysed by electrophoresis. 1) The existence of GST“e” (erythrocyte), GST3, GST1, and GST2 is confirmed. GST“e” the fastest and most thermolabile of different GST analysed is observed only in erythrocyte cells. GST3 which migrates more slowly than GST“e” is present in all tissues and cells analysed, excepted for erythrocyte cells in which only GST“e” is observed. GST1 presents a polymorphism with four phenotypes 1, 1/2, 2, and 0 controlled by three alleles 1, 2, and 0 (null). With the sample of 56 livers analysed the different frequencies obtained are 9%, 5%, 43%, 43% for the phenotypes 1, 1/2, 2, and 0 respectively and 0.074 (p), 0.279 (q), 0.647 (r) for the alleles 1, 2, and 0 (null). GST2 presents variant patterns due probably, in the majority of cases, to post-synthetic modifications rather than allelic variation. 2) Two new GST are described, GST4 and GST5. GST4 abundant in muscle tissue is a dimeric protein. GST4 forms with GST1 a heterodimeric band. GST5 is observed in brain homogenates. 3) For the chromosome localization the results obtained by man (leucocytes)-mouse somatic cell hybrid analysis indicate that the gene for leucocytes GST is on chromosome 11. This gene is the structural GST3 gene.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The platelet GPIIb-IIIa complex functions as a receptor for fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor on activated platelets. This glycoprotein is a member of a broadly distributed family of structurally and immunologically related membrane receptors involved in cell-cell contact and cell-matrices interactions. GPIIb-IIIa is a heterodimer complex composed of GPIIb (the α subunit), which consists of two disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, and GPIIIa (the β subunit), which is a single polypeptide chain. Congenital absence of platelet GPIIb-IIIa in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia results in a severe bleeding disorder characterized by defective platelet aggregation and failure of fibrinogen to bind to platelets. The gene coding for GPIIb was located on 17q21.1-17q21.3 as determined by in situ hybridization with a 2650-pb GP2B (GPIIb) cDNA probe prepared from human megakaryocytes.
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