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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-thermal and non-equilibrium effects in soft X-ray flare spectra (1983)
    Springer
    Solar physics 86 (1983), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Processes leading to the excitation of soft X-ray line spectra are discussed in relation to their thermal or non-thermal nature. Through analysis of calcium spectra from the XRP experiment on SMM, it is shown that the ionization balance during the gradual phase of flares is effectively in the steady-state. A search of suitable complex flares with multiple impulsive features has shown indications of soft X-ray line intensity anomalies, consistent with the presence of a non-thermal electron component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157174
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EIT: Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope for the SOHO mission (1995)
    Springer
    Solar physics 162 (1995), S. 291-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Keywords: Solar X-rays ; Solar EUV ; Multilayer telescope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) will provide wide-field images of the corona and transition region on the solar disc and up to 1.5 R⊙ above the solar limb. Its normal incidence multilayer-coated optics will select spectral emission lines from Fe IX (171 Å), Fe XII (195 Å), Fe XV (284 Å), and He II (304 Å) to provide sensitive temperature diagnostics in the range from 6 × 104 K to 3 × 106 K. The telescope has a 45 x 45 arcmin field of view and 2.6 arcsec pixels which will provide approximately 5-arcsec spatial resolution. The EIT will probe the coronal plasma on a global scale, as well as the underlying cooler and turbulent atmosphere, providing the basis for comparative analyses with observations from both the ground and other SOHO instruments. This paper presents details of the EIT instrumentation, its performance and operating modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00733432
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global Oscillations at Low Frequency from the SOHO mission (GOLF) (1995)
    Springer
    Solar physics 162 (1995), S. 61-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Keywords: sun ; helioseismology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The GOLF experiment on the SOHO mission aims to study the internal structure of the sun by measuring the spectrum of global oscillations in the frequency range 10−7 to 10−2 Hz. Bothp andg mode oscillations will be investigated, with the emphasis on the low order long period waves which penetrate the solar core. The instrument employs an extension to space of the proven ground-based technique for measuring the mean line-of-sight velocity of the viewed solar surface. By avoiding the atmospheric disturbances experienced from the ground, and choosing a non-eclipsing orbit, GOLF aims to improve the instrumental sensitivity limit by an order of magnitude to 1 mm s−1 over 20 days for frequencies higher than 2.10−4 Hz. A sodium vapour resonance cell is used in a longitudinal magnetic field to sample the two wings of the solar absorption line. The addition of a small modulating field component enables the slope of the wings to be measured. This provides not only an internal calibration of the instrument sensitivity, but also offers a further possibility to recognise, and correct for, the solar background signal produced by the effects of solar magnetically active regions. The use of an additional rotating polariser enables measurement of the mean solar line-of-sight magnetic field, as a secondary objective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00733427
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First Results on it p Modes from GOLF Experiment (1997)
    Springer
    Solar physics 175 (1997), S. 227-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The GOLF experiment on the SOHO mission aims to study the internal structure of the Sun by measuring the spectrum of global oscillations in the frequency range 10-7 to 10-2 Hz. Here we present the results of the analysis of the first 8 months of data. Special emphasis is put into the frequency determination of the p modes, as well as the splitting in the multiplets due to rotation. For both, we show that the improvement in S/N level with respect to the ground-based networks and other experiments is essential in achieving a very low-degree frequency table with small errors ∼ 2 parts in 10-5). On the other hand, the splitting found seems to favour a solar core which does not rotate slower than its surface. The line widths do agree with theoretical expectations and other observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004942929956
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eit Observations of the Extreme Ultraviolet Sun (1997)
    Springer
    Solar physics 175 (1997), S. 571-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the SOHO spacecraft has been operational since 2 January 1996. EIT observes the Sun over a 45 x 45 arc min field of view in four emission line groups: Feix, x, Fexii, Fexv, and Heii. A post-launch determination of the instrument flatfield, the instrument scattering function, and the instrument aging were necessary for the reduction and analysis of the data. The observed structures and their evolution in each of the four EUV bandpasses are characteristic of the peak emission temperature of the line(s) chosen for that bandpass. Reports on the initial results of a variety of analysis projects demonstrate the range of investigations now underway: EIT provides new observations of the corona in the temperature range of 1 to 2 MK. Temperature studies of the large-scale coronal features extend previous coronagraph work with low-noise temperature maps. Temperatures of radial, extended, plume-like structures in both the polar coronal hole and in a low latitude decaying active region were found to be cooler than the surrounding material. Active region loops were investigated in detail and found to be isothermal for the low loops but hottest at the loop tops for the large loops. Variability of solar EUV structures, as observed in the EIT time sequences, is pervasive and leads to a re-evaluation of the meaning of the term ‘quiet Sun’. Intensity fluctuations in a high cadence sequence of coronal and chromospheric images correspond to a Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum. This can be interpreted in terms of a mixed stochastic or periodic driving of the transition region and the base of the corona. No signature of the photospheric and chromospheric waves is found in spatially averaged power spectra, indicating that these waves do not propagate to the upper atmosphere or are channeled through narrow local magnetic structures covering a small fraction of the solar surface. Polar coronal hole observing campaigns have identified an outflow process with the discovery of transient Fexii jets. Coronal mass ejection observing campaigns have identified the beginning of a CME in an Fexii sequence with a near simultaneous filament eruption (seen in absorption), formation of a coronal void and the initiation of a bright outward-moving shell as well as the coronal manifestation of a ‘Moreton wave’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004902913117
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eit and LASCO Observations of the Initiation of a Coronal Mass Ejection (1997)
    Springer
    Solar physics 175 (1997), S. 601-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the first observations of the initiation of a coronal mass ejection (CME) seen on the disk of the Sun. Observations with the EIT experiment on SOHO show that the CME began in a small volume and was initially associated with slow motions of prominence material and a small brightening at one end of the prominence. Shortly afterward, the prominence was accelerated to about 100 km s-1 and was preceded by a bright loop-like structure, which surrounded an emission void, that traveled out into the corona at a velocity of 200–400 km s-1. These three components, the prominence, the dark void, and the bright loops are typical of CMEs when seen at distance in the corona and here are shown to be present at the earliest stages of the CME. The event was later observed to traverse the LASCO coronagraphs fields of view from 1.1 to 30 R⊙. Of particular interest is the fact that this large-scale event, spanning as much as 70 deg in latitude, originated in a volume with dimensions of roughly 35" (2.5 x 104 km). Further, a disturbance that propagated across the disk and a chain of activity near the limb may also be associated with this event as well as a considerable degree of activity near the west limb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004907307376
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First View of the Solar Core from Golf Acoustic Modes (1997)
    Springer
    Solar physics 175 (1997), S. 247-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract After 8 months of nearly continuous measurements the GOLF instrument, aboard SOHO, has detected acoustic mode frequencies of more than 100 modes, extending from 1.4 mHz to 4.9 mHz. In this paper, we compare these results with the best available predictions coming from solar models. To verify the quality of the data, we examine the asymptotic seismic parameters; this confirms the improvements achieved in solar models during the last decade. Using the GOLF set of frequencies for l=0, 1, 2, 3 combined with the LOWL second year data set for l 〉 3 we then carry out inversions to infer properties of the solar core. This largely confirms the previous results down to around 0.1 R⊙, while there remain differences, even closer to the centre, where the present study shows an extreme sensitivity of the inversion results to the values of the frequencies. We finally consider physical processes which may influence directly or indirectly the solar core structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004992727541
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of a post-flare radio burst in X-rays (1982)
    Springer
    Solar physics 75 (1982), S. 305-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract More than six hours after the two-ribbon flare of 21 May 1980, the hard X-ray spectrometer aboard the SMM imaged an extensive arch above the flare region which proved to be the lowest part of a stationary post-flare noise storm recorded at the same time at Culgoora. The X-ray arch extended over 3 or more arc minutes to a projected distance of 95 000 km, and its real altitude was most probably between 110 000 and 180 000 km. The mean electron density in the cloud was close to 109 cm−3 and its temperature stayed for many hours at a fairly constant value of about 6.5 × 106 K. The bent crystal spectrometer aboard the SMM confirms that the arch emission was basically thermal. Variations in brightness and energy spectrum at one of the supposed footpoints of the arch seem to correlate in time with radio brightness suggesting that suprathermal particles from the radio noise regions dumped in variable quantities into the low corona and transition layer; these particles may have contributed to the population of the arch, after being trapped and thermalized. The arch extended along the H ∥ = 0 line thus apparently hindering any upward movement of the upper loops reconnected in the flare process. There is evidence from Culgoora that this obstacle may have been present above the flare since 15–30 min after its onset.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153479
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impulsive phase of flares in soft X-ray emission (1982)
    Springer
    Solar physics 78 (1982), S. 107-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations using the Bent Crystal Spectrometer instrument on the Solar Maximum Mission show that turbulence and blue-shifted motions are characteristic of the soft X-ray plasma during the impulsive phase of flares, and are coincident with the hard X-ray bursts observed by the Hard X-ray Burst Spectrometer. A method for analysing the Ca xix and Fe xxv spectra characteristic of the impulsive phase is presented. Non-thermal widths and blue-shifted components in the spectral lines of Ca xix and Fe xxv indicate the presence of turbulent velocities exceeding 100 km s-1 and upward motions of 300–400 km s-1. The April 10, May 9, and June 29, 1980 flares are studied. Detailed study of the geometry of the region, inferred from the Flat Crystal Spectrometer measurements and the image of the flare detected by the Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer, shows that the April 10 flare has two separated footpoints bright in hard X-rays. Plasma heated to temperatures greater than 107 K rises from the footpoints. During the three minutes in which the evaporation process occurs an energy of 3.7 × 1030 ergs is deposited in the loop. At the end of the evaporation process, the total energy observed in the loop reaches its maximum value of 3 × 1030 ergs. This is consistent with the above figures, allowing for loss by radiation and conduction. Thus the energy input due to the blue-shifted plasma flowing into the flaring loop through the footpoints can account for the thermal and turbulent energy accumulated in this region during the impulsive phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00151147
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillations in EUV emission lines during a loop brightening (1984)
    Springer
    Solar physics 93 (1984), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Oscillations in the emission in the ultraviolet lines of Cii, Oiv, and Mg x, detected by the Harvard College Observatory EUV spectroheliometer on Skylab are observed on August 7, 1973, during a loop brightening. The intensity of the EUV lines varies with a period of 141 s during the time of enhanced intensity of the coronal loop, lasting 10 min. The periodic oscillation is not only localized in the loop region but extends over a larger area of the active region, maintaining the same phase. We suggest that the intensity fluctuation of the EUV lines is caused by small-amplitude waves, propagating in the plasma confined in the magnetic loop and that size of the loop might be important in determining its perferential heating in the active region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156654
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