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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiocarbon age of last glacial Pacific deep water (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 335 (1988), S. 708-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Core Trident 163-31B is a 10x10 cm Kasten core that was taken close to the site of V19-29 and V19-305 after the importance of these cores became apparent; the coring location is 3°37.2' S, 83°58' W, in a water depth of 3,210 m. About 268 cm of core was recovered. Comparison of the CaCO3 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335708a0
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the subcellular localisation of an ethylene binding site in developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. by high resolution autoradiography (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 48-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cotyledon ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Ethylene binding site ; Phaseolus ; Protein body membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Use was made of light microscopy and high resolution electron microscope autoradiography to determine the subcellular localisation of a binding site with a high affinity and specificity for ethylene in developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The results indicate that the binding site is located on the endoplasmic reticulum and protein body membranes, confirming previous studies using cellular fractionation and marker enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385495
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of ethylene binding and metabolism in plant tissue (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 179 (1989), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Binding (ethylene) ; Ethylene (metabolism, binding) ; Medicago (ethylene) ; Pisum (ethylene)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methods are described for the rigorous measurement of C2H4 metabolism and C2H4 binding in plant tissue. Comparisons are drawn between the results obtained using other methods and those which emerge from our studies, indicating that significant misapprehensions may have arisen in relation both to the distribution of metabolism and binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395776
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene metabolism in Pisum sativum L. (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 179 (1989), S. 104-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene (metabolism) ; Inhibitor (of ethylene) ; Pisum (ethylene metabolism)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The possible role of C2H4 metabolism in mediating the responses of plants to C2H4 is re-examined. It is demonstrated that (i) the effects of inhibitors upon C2H4 action do not correspond with their effects on metabolism, (ii) elicitors of C2H4 effects do not have appropriate effects on C2H4 metabolism, (iii) inhibitors of C2H4 metabolism do not affect the response of plants to C2H4. It is concluded that metabolism of C2H4 is not linked to the mode of action of the growth regulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395777
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ethylene and cytokinin on guanosine 5′-triphosphate binding and protein phosphorylation in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Arabidopsis (GTP binding) ; Cytokinin ; Ethylene ; Protein Phosphorylation ; GTP-binding proteins (small)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Binding of [α-32P]guanosine 5′-triphosphate ([α-32P]GTP) has been demonstrated in a Triton X-100-solubilised membrane fraction from leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Binding was stimulated by 1 h pre-treatment of leaves with ethylene and this effect was antagonised by the inclusion of N6-benzyladenine in the medium used for homogenisation. The ethylene-insensitive mutants eti5 and etr showed contrasting responses. In eti5 the constitutive level of GTP binding was higher than in the wild type whereas in etr the level was much lower. Neither ethylene nor cytokinin affected GTP binding in the mutants. The GTP-binding activity was localised in two bands at 22 and 25 kDa, both of which were immunoprecipitated by anti-pan-Ras antibodies, indicating that the activity is due to small GTP-binding proteins. In a similar membrane fraction, ethylene was shown to increase protein phosphorylation and benzyladenine antagonised this effect. In eti5 the constitutive level of protein phosphorylation was higher than in the wild type, but benzyladenine increased activity substantially while ethylene was without effect. In etr, protein phosphorylation was lower than in the wild type, ethylene was without effect, but cytokinin increased activity. A protein of Mr 17 kDa was detected on gels using antibodies to nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Phosphorylation of this protein was upregulated by ethylene but nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity was unaffected. The results are compared with the effect of the two hormones on the senescence of detached leaves and discussed in relation to pathways proposed for ethylene signal transduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050555
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polysaccharide structure of potato cell walls: Chemical fractionation (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 152 (1981), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Polysaccharide separation ; Solanum (cell wall)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell walls of potato tubers were fractionated by successive extraction with various reagents. A slightly degraded pectic fraction with 77% galacturonic acid was extracted in hot, oxalate-citrate buffer at pH 4. A further, major pectic fraction with 38% galacturonic acid was extracted in cold 0.1 M Na2CO3 with little apparent degradation. These two pectic fractions together made up 52% of the cell wall. Most of the oxalate-citrate fraction could alternatively be extracted with cold acetate-N,N′,N′-tetracetic acid (CDTA) buffer, a non-degradative extractant which nevertheless removed essentially all the calcium ions. This fraction was therefore probably held only by calcium binding, and the remainder of the pectins by covalent bonds. Electrophoresis showed that both pectic fractions contained a range of molecular types differing in composition, with a high arabinose: galactose ratio as well as much galacturonic acid in the most extractable fractions. From methylation data, the main side-chains were 1,4′-linked galactans and 1,5′-linked arabinans, with smaller quantities of covalently attached xyloglucan. Extraction with NaOH-borate removed a small hemicellulose fraction and some cellulose. The main hemicelluloses were apparently a galactoxyloglucan, a mannan or glucomannan and an arabinogalactan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391179
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The compartmentation of ethylene in developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1979), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Compartmentation ; Ethylene ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Canadian Wonder accumulated 14C2H4 (0.7–1 μl l-1) from air to give partition coefficients of 1 to 4, which greatly exceeded the value obtained with steam killed cotyledons (0.05) and with water (0.11). After 14C2H4 treatment, 98% of the 14C in the tissue remained as 14C2H4. The labelled ethylene accumulated by cotyledons was released only slowly (1–10% h-1) either in an air stream or into toluene. Heating to 60°C for 2 h, but not freezing and thawing, caused the immediate release of 14C2H4 from the tissue. Propylene and vinyl chloride competitively inhibited the accumulation of 14C2H4. Cotyledons emanated endogenous ethylene at a very low rate but after heating (although not freezing and thawing) 13 nl of ethylene per g fresh mass were released within minutes. It was concluded that french bean cotyledons hold ethylene in a compartmented form in sufficient amount to account for at least 200 h of emanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380130
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of ethylene by cotyledon extracts from Vicia faba L. (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene oxidation ; Oxidase (mixed function) ; Vicia (ethylene oxidation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Improved rates of ethylene oxidation by cell-free preparations from cotyledons of Vicia faba L. have been obtained using cryogenic storage techniques and by developing a method for the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide. Gel permeation chromatography showed that a low-molecular-size fraction was required for activity; accordingly, the kinetics of ethylene oxidation in the presence of this fraction were studied. Reduced pyridine nucleotides could substitute for the low-molecular-size fraction. Activity under a nitrogen atmosphere was 60% lower than in air. The need for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and oxygen indicated that the enzyme might be a mixed-function oxidase. Using sufficient NADPH to approach saturation, the apparent Michaelis constant (K m) for ethylene was 1.94±0.38 · 10-8 M (aqueous phase), and when ethylene was saturating, the K m for NADPH was 3.7 · 10-5 M. Carbon monoxide was found to inhibit by competing with ethylene, and the inhibitor constant was 5.97 · 10-7 M in solution. In the presence of excess ethylene and NADPH, activity was highest in phosphate-buffered medium pH 7.9. The bulk of the activity was found in a microsomal fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395903
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on ethylene binding by cell-free preparations from cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 397-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene binding ; Hormone binding ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The preparation is described of a cell-free system from developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Canadian Wonder which is capable of binding ethylene. The binding is saturable and the apparent dissociation constant for ethylene is 6.4·10-10 M in solution. The binding site is associated with subcellular particles and treatment with Triton X-100 results in substantial solubilisation of the activity. The kinetics of association and dissociation of the ligand and the binding site are described. The system is heat labile and binding activity is diminished by treatment with some proteolytic enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388129
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on ethylene binding by cell free preparations from cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene binding ; Hormone binding ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various protein reactive agents such as dithioerythritol, dithiothreitol, mercaptoethanol and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibit binding of ethylene to cell free preparations of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The effect of the thiols is partially reversed by treatment with diamide; occupation of the binding site by ligand diminishes the inhibition caused by p-chloromercuribenzoate but not that caused by thiols. Growth regulators other than ethylene do not affect binding. Physiologically active structural analogues of ethylene competitively inhibit binding of the growth regulator and their relative effectiveness in the cell free system closely resembles that in developmental processes controlled ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388130
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