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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 408-410 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Centrifugal fiber ; Retina ; Tectum ; Teleost ; Isthmo-optic nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons projecting to the retina were identified electrophysiologically by antidromic responses in the preoptic retinopetal nucleus (PRN), which is the major origin of the centrifugal fibers to the retina in the filefish. Electrical stimulation of the optic tectum demonstrated that such neurons received excitatory inputs directly from the optic tectum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 45 (1979), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four cases of persistent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea through the ethmoid sinus are presented. Using the operative microscope, the margin of the dural defect was easily identified, and a pedicled dural flap supplied by branches of a meningeal artery was successfully sutured to the dural margin in a watertight fashion without increasing pre-existing neurological deficits. To prevent intracranial infection, the watertight closure with a predicled dural flap is presumably more complete and reasonable than are various grafts without vascular circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 591-595 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Intracranial malignant schwannoma; trigeminal nerve; electron microscopy; S-100 protein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ The authors report a rare case of primary intracranial malignant schwannoma of the trigeminal nerve occuring in a 30-year-old woman without von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (VRNF). The tumour arose from the intracranial part of the left trigeminal nerve, without skull base destruction. The tumour was partially removed operatively, followed by focal 50Gy irradiation, but unfortunately the tumour showed rapid regrowth. A second operation was attempted, but she died of cerebral infarction soon after operation. Histologically, the original tumour was characterized by the presence of foci of extremely high cellularity, pleomorphism and mitosis in an otherwise typical benign schwannoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for S-100 protein even in the atypical areas, suggesting the tumour to be of Schwann cell origin. However, the recurrent tumour was composed of undifferentiated spindle cells, which were negative for S-100 protein.  Thus, it is possible to consider that the S-100 protein expression could reflect the degree of differentiation of Schwann cells. Furthermore, the postoperative irradiation might have exacerbated the malignant progression in the present case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Elderly meningioma ; clinical feature ; prognostic implication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the 5 years from 1987 to 1991, 89 elderly patients, aged 70 years and over, were admitted to departments of neurosurgery in Yamaguchi prefecture with meningioma. The clinical features and prognostic implications of meningioma in the elderly were assessed retrospectively. Seventy-eight (88%) of the 89 patients underwent surgery, which was a higher rate than has been previously reported. The length of clinical history was also shorter than in previous studies, and was partly due to the recent introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The incidence of poor prognosis (severe disability, vegetative or dead) in the elderly and a younger group aged less than 70 years was 13% and 7%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the surgically treated elderly group, age did not influence the patient's outcome. The factors affecting the outcome were pre-operative neurological deficit (p〈0.05), histological malignancy (p〈0.05), and multiple operations (p〈0.05). Twenty-seven of the elderly meningioma patients were in good physical condition with minimal neurological involvement. They underwent total removal of the tumour at the first operation, and the histological diagnosis was benign. Twenty-five of these 27 patients fell into the best outcome category. Therefore, age alone was not a factor preventing proper surgical treatment of meningioma in the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 136 (1995), S. 127-131 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) ; invasiveness ; meningioma ; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was undertaken to investigate the correlation between histological invasiveness and proliferating potential and clinical recurrence in meningioma. In 39 meningiomas, the histological findings at the tumour-brain interface zone were classified into 3 types, consisting of 29 cases of non-invasion (NON), 7 cases of nodular invasion (NOD), and 3 cases of intermingled invasion (INT). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) indices were studied. PCNA indices (mean±standard error) of NON, NOD, and INT were 1.7±0.1%, 5.2±0.5%, and 7.5±0.7%, respectively, and the AgNOR indices (dot number/nucleus) were 1.50±0.03, 2.00±0.04, and 2.22±0.07, respectively. Significant differences were found among the three types in both parameters. Clinically, tumour recurrence was observed in 1/29 NON, 4/7 NOD, and 2/2 INT cases, indicating a higher incidence of recurrence in invasive meningiomas (NOD plus INT). Four of 32 patients who underwent gross total removal of the tumours showed recurrence, and all of these four tumours were invasive meningiomas. The results of the present study showed that tumour invasiveness as measured by PCNA + AgNOR indices correlated well with high proliferative potential and clinical recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma; meningeal sarcoma; extracranial metastasis; electronmicroscopy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Primary intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is very rare, and not much is known about its clinical features. The authors report a case of left temporal leptomeningeal MFH, with consequent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination and pulmonary metastasis. The clinical features of this case and the therapeutic prognosis of 17 cases reported previously in the literature were reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Chronic subdural haematoma; serum albumin; scintigraphy; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was conducted to investigate the role of serum protein exudation in the aetiology of chronic subdural haematoma (SDH). Scintigraphy after intravenous injection of 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin (HSA) was performed in three patients with chronic SDH and a patient with subdural effusion. In nother 60 haematomas, the amounts of total protein and albumin as indices of serum exudation were measured, and then compared among low-density, iso-density and high-density haematomas. Accumulation of 99mTc-HSA in the haematoma cavity was seen 6 h after isotope injection and became more evident at 24 h. However, the protein concentrations and albumin ratios in the haematomas exhibited a reciprocal relationship, suggesting that not all the protein in the haematomas was derived from serum exudation. The higher the total protein concentration in the haematoma became, the higher the haematoma density which was observed on CT. The albumin concentration in low-density haematomas was lower than that in iso-density and high-density haematomas, whereas no significant difference was seen between the latter two haematoma types. These results provide morphological evidence for serum protein exudation into the haematoma cavity, and therefore it is possible that serum protein exudation plays a role in the progression of chronic SDH and is related to changes in haematoma density on CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary When peripheral blood is serially diluted with saline solution, the bloody colour is determined by the derivative of haemoglobin. Solutions over 105/mm3 red cells or 0.5 g/dl haemoglobin are represented as being sanguineous. This is the lower limit for a subdural haematoma, because the name itself requires at least a bloody appearance of its contents. Diluted blood solutions less 0.5×104 red cells or 15 mg/dl haemoglobin are macroscopically translucent or watery clear. Solutions between bloody and translucent are xanthochromic. If the contents of a subdural collection is watery clear or xanthochromic, it must be called an effusion or hygroma. The haemoglobin in haematomas is the most important factor determining the attenuation values in the CT scan. Protein, iron or calcium ions have only minimal concentration in haematomas and are neglegible for attenuation values of haematomas in the CT scan. The lightest sanguineous solution, that is a haematoma, corresponds to 15 Hounsfield's units measured by the CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 80 (1986), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain oedema ; lipid ; computerized tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors analyzed the water and lipid contents of oedematous tissues of white matter obtained during the operation, comparing with the absorption value in the CT scan. As the absorption value lowered its level, the water content increased, while the lipid decreased. However, after subtracting these two components, the content of protein also showed a significant decrement parallel to the absorption value despite the existence of extravasated protein. The decrement of lipid content was considered to be due to a dilution effect by an expanded volume of extravasated oedema fluid, as well as the decrease in protein, rather than the actual loss of tissue component; that is demyelination. It is the relative decrease in protein content which contributes to the low absorption value of oedematous tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial epidermoid ; computerized tomography ; absorption value ; metrizamide CT scan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors analysed the contents of two intracranial epidermoids showing low density on computerized tomography. Although both cases had approximately similar composition, 85, 83% for water, 12,12.5% for protein, 3,4.5% for total lipid including cholesterol, respectively, the absorption values differed from each other. Both tumours were identified to communicate with CSF, one by delayed metrizamide CT scan and the other by direct aspiration during operation. The low absorption values in both cases resembled or were slightly higher than that of CSF in each case, and not a single pixel showed negative values for lipid. These findings suggest that it is the CSF content within the anatomical interstices or structural crevice of the tumour, rather than cholesterol, which is responsible for the low absorption values which appeared in the CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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