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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal dwindling in early experimental diabetes. II. A study of isolated nerve fibres (1976)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 547-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetes ; myelinated nerve fibres ; nerve degeneration ; diabetic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a morphometric study of isolated fibres of the common peroneal nerve in short-term diabetic rats reduced fibre calibre was observed. No segmental demyelination or remyelination was found, but the nodes of Ranvier were slightly widened and paranodal bulbi were swollen relative to fibre calibre. It is suggested that axonal dwindling is the primary event in experimental diabetes. The reduction of the myelin sheath may be a consequence of the abnormal nerve cell offshoot. The results obtained suggest that streptozotocin diabetes in the rat is a useful model for the elucidation of diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01220630
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor pathway function in normoalbuminuric IDDM patients (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1191-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic stimulation ; diabetic neuropathy ; motor pathway ; paired magnetic stimulation ; diabetic encephalopathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Central motor pathways were studied in 17 normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients who had been diabetic for more than 20 years, and compared with findings in 17 age-, sex-, and height-matched control subjects. The central motor conduction time was calculated from recordings of the compound muscle action potentials of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle after single transcranial and spinal root magnetic stimulation. The central motor conduction time from motor cortex to cervical spinal roots was 9.8 ± 1.65 ms in diabetic patients and 10.1 ± 1.48 ms in control subjects. In diabetic patients with neuropathy the central motor conduction time was 9.5 ± 1.76 ms vs 10.1 ± 1.56 ms in patients without neuropathy. The excitability of the motor pathways was studied by paired transcranial magnetic stimulation at interstimulation intervals of 30–1000 ms. In normal control subjects, an early facilitation of the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential at an interstimulation interval of 30 ms was found, while no facilitation was present in diabetic patients. In addition the compound muscle action potential latencies were prolonged at interstimulation intervals of 30–50 ms in diabetic patients. The changes of excitability did not correlate with the presence of peripheral neuropathy, metabolic control or diabetes duration. It is concluded that long-term normoalbuminuric IDDM patients have impaired excitability but normal central conduction time of the motor pathways. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1191–1196]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422368
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal transport in rats after galactose feeding (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Galactose-feeding ; axonal transport ; diabetic neuropathies ; nerve crush
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Axonal transport was studied in galactosefed rats. Precursors for proteins and glycoproteins were injected into the fifth lumbar spinal ganglion and retrograde axonal transport as well as slow axonal transport were estimated at different time intervals during the following 4 weeks. Galactose-feeding was found to produce a progressive reduction of the retrograde axonal transport of glycoproteins in intact nerve (2.9±0.2 (arbitrary units) after five days of galactose-feeding as compared to 1.9±0.7 after 28 days, 2p=0.025). The slow axonal transport velocity of structural proteins was reduced from 0.97 ±0.09 mm/day to 0.84±0.04 mm/day, 2p=0.0030. The present findings as well as structural and electrophysiological abnormalities of the nerves of galactose-fed rats are similar to the changes found in diabetic rats. The similarities point to a decisive role for glucose or its metabolites in the development of diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275274
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired retrograde axonal transport from a nerve crush in streptozotocin diabetic rats (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 222-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; axonal transport ; Streptozotocin diabetes ; nerve crush ; nerve regeneration ; insulin treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The axonal transport of proteins in crushed nerves of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) diabetic rats was investigated 4 weeks after induction of diabetes. 35S-methionine was used as a marker for protein and 3H-fucose as a marker for glycoprotein. The precursors were injected into the fifth lumbar spinal ganglion and the accumulation of TCA-insoluble activity proximal and distal to a sciatic nerve ligature was measured at different time intervals after application of a crush. The start of accumulation distal to the ligature was delayed by 1 hour for proteins as well as for glycoproteins. Furthermore, the total amount of accumulated protein after 19 h was decreased by 18% while the decrease was 21% for glycoprotein. By insulin treatment the differences could both be prevented and reversed after 3 days of normoglycaemia. These findings demonstrate an impaired response to a nerve crush and might be the explanation for the regenerative abnormalities of peripheral nerves in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275273
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrograde axonal transport (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 110-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Axonal transport ; diabetic neuropathies ; streptozotocin diabetes ; nerve crush
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The accumulation of 3H-fucose labelled glycoprotein and 35S-methionine labelled protein carried by the retrograde axonal transport in the sensory fibres of the sciatic nerve was examined on the day after injection of streptozotocin in rats. The accumulation of fucose-label was reduced (2.8 ± 0.4 (SD) versus 2.1 ± 0.5 (arbitrary units), 2p = 0.0044) indicating a decreased retrograde flux of glycoproteins. This early transport abnormality could have a key role in the development of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262011
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cation permeability of the blood-brain barrier in streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Experimental streptozotocin-diabetes ; blood-brain barrier permeability ; cations ; arterial integral uptake technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Decreased sodium permeability across the blood-brain barrier occurs in streptozotocin-treated rats after 2 weeks of diabetes. To establish whether this is a phenomenon specific for cations, the blood-brain barrier permeability for sodium, potassium and calcium was studied with an arterial integral uptake technique. Experiments were performed in control rats and, after two weeks after diabetes induction, in untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats and in insulin-treated streptozotocin rats. In untreated diabetes, the neocortical blood-brain barrier permeability for sodium decreased by 35% (5.2±1.7 vs 3.4±1.1 10−5cm3·s−1·g−1) and potassium permeability by 39% (19.8±5.7 vs 12.1±3.9 10−5·cm3·s−1· g−1), whereas no differences in calcium permeability occurred. Insulin treatment was associated with an increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability to sodium (4.8±1.0 10−5·cm3·s−1·g−1) as compared to untreated diabetes (3.4±1.1 10−5·cm3·s−1·g−1). It is concluded that the observed changes in sodium and potassium permeability cannot be caused by electrostatic membrane changes. More specific abnormalities of the transport of sodium and potassium across the blood-brain barrier are likely to occur; disturbances in the sodium-potassium-pump activity could account for such alterations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292543
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor pathway function in normoalbuminuric IDDM patients (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1191-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Magnetic stimulation ; diabetic neuropathy ; motor pathway ; paired magnetic stimulation ; diabetic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Central motor pathways were studied in 17 normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients who had been diabetic for more than 20 years, and compared with findings in 17 age-, sex-, and height-matched control subjects. The central motor conduction time was calculated from recordings of the compound muscle action potentials of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle after single transcranial and spinal root magnetic stimulation. The central motor conduction time from motor cortex to cervical spinal roots was 9.8±1.65 ms in diabetic patients and 10.1±1.48 ms in control subjects. In diabetic patients with neuropathy the central motor conduction time was 9.5±1.76 ms vs 10.1±1.56 ms in patients without neuropathy. The excitability of the motor pathways was studied by paired transcranial magnetic stimulation at interstimulation intervals of 30–1000 ms. In normal control subjects, an early facilitation of the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential at an interstimulation interval of 30 ms was found, while no facilitation was present in diabetic patients. In addition the compound muscle action potential latencies were prolonged at interstimulation intervals of 30–50 ms in diabetic patients. The changes of excitability did not correlate with the presence of peripheral neuropathy, metabolic control or diabetes duration. It is concluded that long-term normoalbuminuric IDDM patients have impaired excitability but normal central conduction time of the motor pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422368
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in mast cell dimensions increases the profile number in sections of peripheral nerve of diabetic rats (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; Streptozotocin diabetes ; Mast cells ; Peripheral nerves ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mast cell proliferation has been reported in peripheral nerves of streptozotocin diabetic rats. We examined the question by light microscopy using morphometric techniques including estimation of shape and size. After 4 weeks of diabetes the mast cell area in transverse sections was 32.7±7.0 μm2 vs. 22.5±5.4 μm2 in controls (P〈102). Mast cell profiles approximated to ellipses in longitudinal sections, the long diameter being 11.4±1.2 μm vs. 14.0±1.0 μm in controls (P〈104). Correspondingly, the profile number was increased (30 ±6%) in longitudinal sections and decreased in transverse sections (11±16%). The present study does not provide evidence for mast cell proliferation in peripheral nerves in experimental diabetes, and, furthermore, underlines the need of evaluation of dimensions in studies of particle numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690588
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of glomerular filtration rate with Visipaque in patients with severely reduced renal function (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 865-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Iodixanol (Visipaque, Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway), an isotomic, dimeric and non-ionic contrast medium (CM), and iohexol (Omnipaque, Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway), a low-osmolar, monomeric and non-ionic contrast medium, were used as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) markers in patients with severely impaired renal function. Different methods for determining GFR were compared. A total of 16 patients with s-creatinine 〉 400 μmol/l were enrolled in the study; 8 in each CM group. Serum-iodine was measured, and plasma CM clearance was determined using the Bröchner-Mortensen method, the single-sample method and conventional method. The ratios between the results obtained from the conventional method and each of the two other methods were calculated. These data were plotted against the mean of the pairs compared, and the upper and lower limits of agreement were calculated as the mean ratio ± 2SD. The comparison showed a high degree of agreement between methods, and the two simpler methods seem to be good alternatives to the conventional method, which gave good estimates of GFR (vs that determined by means of renal 125I-iothalamate clearance) when 24-h blood samples were included. However, slight overestimations of GFR, due to extrarenal excretion of the CM, were observed. In summary, serum clearance of iodixanol, as determined by the Bröchner-Mortensen method or single-sample method seems to be a simple and accurate marker of GFR in patients with severely reduced renal function. The findings obtained with iodixanol were similar to those obtained with iohexol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240692
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal experience with Visipagne (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. S16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: X-ray contrast media ; Nephrotoxicity ; Iodixanol ; Iohexol ; Kidney ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The renal effects of the new dimeric non-ionic contrast medium Visipaque were investigated in healthy volunteers and in patients with severe renal failure. Visipaque caused no changes in GFR after i.v injections to healthy volunteers and less changes in tubular function than monomeric CM. Small and transient changes in GFR were observed in predialytic patients both with Visipaque and with the monomeric Omnipaque. A delayed excretion of both CM was observed in these patients and no differences were observed between the two CM as far as tubular enzymes excretion and glomerular functional parameters are concerned. More iodine was retained in the kidney after Visipaque than after monomers, but this was not correlated with changes in tubular parameters and in GFR. Thus, Visipaque was well tolerated in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with severe renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342567
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