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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 82 (1974), S. 335-340 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Plattenepithelcarcinom ist eine in der Prostata ungewöhnliche Tumorform. Die formale Genese ist bisher nicht hinreichend geklärt. Es wird ein verhornendes Plattenepithelcarcinom beschrieben, das sich innerhalb von 20 Monaten aus einem typischen, adenoid und cribriform differenzierten Prostatacarcinom entwickelte. Die Hauptmasse des Tumors sowie die ausgedehnten Skeletmetastasen waren epidermoid aufgebaut. Regressiv veränderte Tumordrüsen fanden sich vereinzelt. Bei dem dargestellten Fall handelt es sich somit um eine Tumormetaplasie. Die während des gesamten Krankheitsverlaufes durchgeführte antiandrogene Therapie erscheint als Ursache der Tumorumwandlung nicht in Frage zu kommen.
    Notes: Summary Squamous carcinoma represents an uncommon type of prostatic carcinoma. The etiology remains open to question till now. A squamous carcinoma developing during 20 months from a typical adenoid and cribriform carcinoma of the prostate is reported. The bulk of the carcinoma and the wide spread osseous metastases were of epidermoidal differentiation. Regressively changed tumor glands of the primary carcinoma were sparsely to be seen. Thus the described case is a case of tumor-metaplasia. In the duration of the disease an antiandrogenic therapy had been practized all the time. It seems to be unlikely that the hormonal therapy caused the metaplasia of the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 88 (1976), S. 33-54 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Prostate ; Carcinoma ; Dysplasia ; Histomorphology ; Prostatectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 50 totale Prostatektomiepräparate bei manifestem Carcinom mit Entfernung der Samenblasen und pelviner Lymphknoten (38 Fälle) wurden histologisch untersucht. Die Organe wurden mittels der Stufenschnitt-methode in 5 mm dicke Horizontalscheiben zerlegt und in Großflächenschnitten aufgearbeitet. 4 der 50 Carcinome waren klein (Stadium I), 6 auf das Organ beschränkt (Stadium II); 40 mal fand sich mikroskopisch bereits ein Tumordurchbruch durch die Prostatakapsel (Stadium III). Von diesen Fällen zeigten 12 eine Infiltration der Samenblasen, 8 eine Metastasierung in die Lymphknoten. Die Carcinome waren bevorzugt in peripheren Zonen der Prostata lokalisiert (28 mal peripher, 21 mal peripher und zentral, 1 mal zentral). Multifokale Carcinomherde wurden in 30 Fällen (60%) beobachtet. Die Tumorhauptmasse fand sich zumeist im mittleren (25 mal) und caudalen Organdrittel (15mal). Die intraprostatische Tumorausbreitung war durch eine zentrale und vor allem caudocraniale Wachstumsrichtung parallel zum Verlauf der Urethra gekennzeichnet. Bei großen Tumorvolumina waren auch zentrale, periurethrale Organzonen befallen; zudem stieg die Frequenz des Kapseldurchbruchs und gleichzeitig die Zahl der Samenblaseninfiltration und Lymphknotenmetastasen an. Histologisch waren 10 Carcinome uniform glandulär strukturiert, ein alleiniges solides und/oder cribriformes Muster gab es nicht. In 90% der pluriform gebauten Carcinome lag ein morphologisches Stadium III vor. Von den übrigen Organveränderungen waren die benigne Hyperplasie 26mal, die Atrophie und postatrophische Metaplasie 21mal, die urotheliale Metaplasie 21 mal und entzündliche Infiltrate 31 mal deutlich ausgeprägt. Unter allen diesen Alterationen, insbesondere aber aus der Gruppe der atypischen Hyperplasie (19mal) fand sich eine bestimmte Anzahl von Drüsenläsionen, die aufgrund der cytologischen Atypie, des ungewöhnlichen Proliferationsmusters und der Desintegration der morphologischen Einheit zwischen Drüsenepithel und umgebendem Organstroma als Dysplasien definiert wurden. Ihr quantitatives Ausmaß und die räumliche Beziehung zum Carcinom waren ausschlaggebend für die Diskussion als eventuell prämaligne Veränderungen.
    Notes: Summary 50 prostate carcinomas which were totally prostatectomized together with removal of the seminal vesicles in all cases and pelvic lymphadenectomy in 38 cases were studied histologically. The material was cut by step-section technique in 5 mm thick slices and “large area slides” were made. 4 of the 50 carcinomas were morphologically circumscribed (stage I), 6 tumors were limited to the organ (stage II) and 40 prostate carcinomas had already penetrated the capsule, i.e. fascia of Denonvillier (stage III). In 12 cases the seminal vesicles were involved, regional lymph node metastases were seen 8 times. The carcinomas were mainly localized in the peripheral part of the organ (28 x in the periphery, 21 x both peripherally and centrally and only 1 x in the centre). Multifocal tumor growth was found in 30 cases (60%). The main mass of tumor was mostly situated in the middle (25 x) and caudal (15 x) zone of the prostate. During the course of tumor growth the expansion was directed centrally but then mainly longitudinal and parallel to the urethra. By progressing tumor volume there was a noticeable increase in capsular penetration as well as infiltration of the seminal vesicles and lymph node metastases. Histologically 10 carcinomas showed a uniform pattern, a unique solid and/or cribriform tumor architecture was never observed. 90% of the pluriform carcinomas consisted of the morphological stage III. Other, non-malignant organ lesions such as hyperplasia (26 x)-subdivided in nodular, diffuse and atypical hyperplasia, atrophy and postatrophic hyperplasia (21 x), transitional cell metaplasia (21 x) and inflammatory process (31 x) were often distinct. A certain number of these changes, especially the group of atypical hyperplasia (19 cases), are suggested to be dysplastic on account of their unusual proliferation manner, cellular atypia and disintegration of the morphological unity between prostatic glands and fibromuscular stroma. The discussion that these lesions may be premalignant is based on their quantitative extension and their topographical relationship to the prostate carcinoma.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 365 (1975), S. 137-150 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen angestellt, um die Morphogenese der Transitional- und Plattenepithelmetaplasie menschlicher Prostatadrüsen aufzuzeigen. Der Vorgang metaplastischer Epithelveränderungen beruht auf einer mehrschichtigen Proliferation der Basalzellen mit nachfolgendem divergenten Differenzierungsverlauf. Die Transitionalepithelmetaplasie ist ein lichtmikroskopisches Erscheinungsbild, sie weist jedoch elektronenmikroskopisch nicht alle cytomorphologischen Charakteristika des Übergangsepithels auf: so liegt bei dieser Metaplasieform kein mehrreihiges Epithel mit der Basalmembran aufsitzenden Deckzellen vor. Darüber hinaus sind die oberflächlichen Zellen stets einkernig und zeigen Ansätze zur drüsigen Ausdifferenzierung. Eine starke Schlängelung der lateralen Zellgrenzmembranen als morphologisches Zeichen einer Verformbarkeit ist nicht zu erkennen. Demgegenüber entspricht die Plattenepithelmetaplasie sowohl lichtmikroskopisch als auch nach ultrastrukturellen Kriterien echtem Plattenepithel: die metaplastischen Zellen sind sehr cytoplasmareich und besitzen als kennzeichnende Feinstrukturen zahlreiche Tonofilamente und breite Desmosomen. In den lacunär erweiterten Interzellularspalt ragen fingerförmige Cytoplasmafortsätze hinein. Außerdem finden sich Ablagerungen von Glykogen und osmiophilem Material in einer Form, die als Verhornungsvorstufe zu gelten hat. Die Lokalisation der Epithelmetaplasien innerhalb der Prostata scheint sich nicht nur auf urethranahe Abschnitte zu beschränken, sondern auch periphere Gangepithelien und Drüsenendstücke zu betreffen. Als ein wesentlicher auslösender Faktor der Epithelmetaplasie prostatischer Drüsen kommt eine Störung der Oestrogen-Androgen-Balance in Betracht. Eine Reversibilität der Plattenepithelmetaplasie ist unwahrscheinlich. Die Epithelmetaplasien in der Prostata stellen vermutlich keine Präcancerose dar.
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscopic studies were done to point out the morphogenesis of transitional and squamous epithelial metaplasia in the human prostate gland. The basis of epithelial metaplasia is a multi-layered proliferation of the basal cells and subsequent divergent differentiation. Transitional metaplasia can be viewed under the light microscope; the electron microscope on the other hand does not show all structural features of the transitional epithelium, such as: The cover cells of the metaplastic epithelium, which do not reach the basement membrane; the surface cells, which are always mononuclear and show signs of beginning adenoid differentiation. Extreme twisting of the lateral cell membranes as a morphological equivalent of deformability was not observed. Squamous epithelial metaplasia, contrary to transitional epithelial metaplasia, shows the criterions true characteristics of squamous epithelium at both the light and electron microscopic levels: The metaplastic cells have an abundant cytoplasm containing the characteristic structures with numerous tonofibrils and broad desmosomes. Microvilli-like processes of the cytoplasm project into the lacunar interfacial canals. In addition aggregates of glycogen granules and deposits of osmiophilic material can be seen, representing the first step of keratinization. Epithelial metaplasias in the prostate occur not only in the central area near the urethra, but also in the peripheral ducts and glandular acini. An estrogen-androgen imbalance is suggested to be an essential factor in the etiology of prostatic epithelial metaplasia. A reversibility of squamous epithelial metaplasia is unlikely. To our knowledge, the epithelial metaplasias in the prostate do not represent a precancerous lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 207-224 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fundamental histologie proliferation patterns of the prostate carcinoma are presented by the glandular and solid and/or cribriform structures. These were ultra-structurally analyzed from 28 carcinomas based on the cell forms in prostate carcinomas, which were already defined by electron microscope. These are characterized by their different cytoplasmic differentiation, whereby the singular cell types each represent a different functional state of a common tumor cell. The results indicate that the prostatic carcinoma develops morphologically in phases. The well-known growth patterns of the tumor are equivalent to its different states of development. In the first phase, a pattern develops out of a tumor stem cell (perhaps “primary atypical reserve cell”), which is either glandular or solid/cribriform, whereas this depends on the trend of the tumor cells to differentiate. The glandular structure possesses centrifugally proliferated glandular, often functionally deranged tumor cells, and shows signs of early stromal infiltration. The solid/cribriform pattern consists of centripetal proliferated, often less-differentiated tumor cells with or without lumen formation, and a peripheral layer of basal cells, whereby the idiopathic stroma architecture remains as it is. In the successive phase, stroma infiltration and destruction is distinctly marked during tumor growth. Histologically, one often sees at this stage an “anaplastic” pattern; however, ultrastructurally its origin can be recognized as being glandular or solid/ cribriform. The advanced stages of the tumor are furthermore characterized by a mixed cell pattern with all states of differentiation and by progressing tumor cell degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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