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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 167 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The potato pathogen Gibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum) is able to metabolize the potato saponin α-chaconine by first removing the 1,2-bound l-rhamnose. The catalyzing enzyme, α-chaconinase, is inducible by the substrate and α-solanine and α-tomatine. The protein with a molecular mass of about 95 kDa was purified by fractionated ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography and chromatofocusing. The enzyme is active over a wide pH and temperature range and is highly substrate specific for α-chaconine with a Km value of 0.97 mM and Vmax of 37.13 nkat. α-Solanine and α-tomatine are not converted by the enzyme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S8 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter ; Plattenosteosynthese ; Femurfraktur ; Minimalinvasiv ; Elastische Plattenosteosynthese ; Biologische Osteosynthese ; Kallus ; Vaskularisation des Knochens ; Key words ; Internal fixation ; Femoral fracture ; Minimally invasive technique ; Elastic plate osteosynthesis ; Biologic plate osteosynthesis ; Callus ; Vascularization of bone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract When a biologic-elastic surgical technique is used, internal plate fixation of the femur is indicated in the polytraumatized patient, particularly with severe thoracic or cranial trauma, for fractures near the joints, for fractures in growing children and in fractures associated with total joint arthroplasty. Intramedullary nailing is the method of choice in all other indications for internal fixation in the femoral shaft. The external fixator is a temporary implant for use in severely polytraumatized patients. Rigid internal plate fixation with anatomical reconstruction of the fragments and compression was formerly widely applied, but this technique interfered with the vascularization of the bone. This resulted in bone necrosis and complications arising from the interfragmentary stability that was necessary until direct bone healing was achieved. Biologic-elastic internal plate fixation, in contrast, preserves the vascularization and favours adequate micromovement of fragments relative to each other as the plate retains elasticity since there are several plate holes without screws. This results in a spontaneous fracture healing with rapid callus formation, but without cortical bone necrosis. The surgical procedure does not require stripping of the periosteum, anatomical repositioning of fragments, adjustment of third fragments, interfragmentary lag screws, the tension device, compression by means of DC holes or any cancellous bone graft. The plate can also be inserted by means of two small incisions in a “push-through” technique. So far 120 biologic-elastic internal plate fixations have been performed in the Trauma Department of the University of Göttingen, including 76 in the femur. All fractures healed within the normal time. The patients walked with reduced weight-bearing at first, and with full weight-bearing after 12 weeks at the most. We saw 2 cases of late infection 5 months after third-degree open fractures, 4 patients with rotational deformities of more than 10 ˚ and 2 with axial deformities. In addition, 13 fractures of the femur were treated in the same manner in children without any complications. Internal plate fixation for a fracture of the femur with a total hip or knee arthroplasty may require an additional autogenous cancellous bone graft because of the reduced vitality of these bones. In the case of articular fractures a rigid internal fixation technique must always be used.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung der biologisch-elastischen Operationstechnik besteht die Indikation zur Plattenosteosynthese am Femurschaft bei Polytrauma, besonders mit schwerem Thorax- und Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, bei Frakturen in Gelenknähe, bei Frakturen im Wachstumsalter und bei Frakturen bei liegender Hüft- oder Knieprothese. Die Marknagelosteosynthese ist bei allen anderen Indikationen am Oberschenkelschaft das Verfahren der Wahl. Der Fixateur externe ist ein temporäres Implantat zur Versorgung des schwer Polytraumatisierten. Bei der früher dominierenden rigiden Plattenosteosynthese mit anatomischer Reposition und interfragmentarer Kompression wurde der Erhalt der Blutzirkulation des Knochens zu wenig beachtet. Knochennekrosen und die Notwendigkeit der interfragmentaren Stabilität bis zum Eintritt der direkten Knochenbruchheilung führten bei der rigiden Plattenosteosynthese zu Komplikationen. Die biologisch-elastische Plattenosteosynthese schont dagegen die Fragmentvaskularisation und erlaubt unter langstreckiger Elastizität der Platte durch unbesetzte Plattenlöcher dosierte Mikrobewegungen zwischen den Fragmenten. Folge ist eine spontane Frakturheilung mit rascher tragfähiger Kallusbildung unter Vermeidung von kortikalen Knochennekrosen. Es wird auf ein Ablösen des Periosts, eine fugenlose Reposition, auf das Einpassen dritter Fragmente, auf interfragmentare Zugschrauben, auf den Plattenspanner, auf die Kompression über die DC-Löcher sowie eine primäre Spongiosaplastik verzichtet. Die Platte kann auch über 2 kleine Inzisionen in durchgeschobener Technik eingebracht werden. Von bisher 120 biologisch-elastischen Plattenosteosynthesen wurden 76 am Oberschenkel durchgeführt. Alle Frakturen heilten regelrecht bei sofortiger entlastender Gehfähigkeit und Vollbelastung spätestens nach 12 Wochen. Es traten 2 Spätinfekte 5 Monate nach drittgradig offener Fraktur, 4 Drehfehler 〉 10° sowie 2 Achsfehler auf. Weitere 13 Femurfrakturen wurden bei Kindern im Wachstumsalter ohne Komplikationen behandelt. Die Plattenosteosynthese bei liegender Endoprothese erfordert dagegen wegen der gestörten Vitalität des Knochens häufig eine zusätzliche autogene Spongiosaplastik. Bei Gelenkfrakturen muß die Osteosynthese nach wie vor rigide durchgeführt werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 21-36 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): breeding biology ; diet composition ; census technique ; stratified sampling ; radiotracking ; monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Nordseeinsel Mellum (53°43′N 08°09′O) beherbergte Mitte der 1990er Jahre annähernd 30% des gesamten Silbermöwenbrutbestandes der deutschen Nordseeküste. 1995 wurden neben einer Bestandserfassung brut- und ernährungsbiologische Untersuchungen in zwei räumlich getrennten Koloniebereichen mit unterschiedlicher Siedlungsdichte durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wurden die im trilateralenJoint Monitoring Project for Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea für das Brutbestands- und Bruterfolgsmonitoring vorgeschlagenen Erfassungsmethoden evaluiert. Die Hochrechnung von Gelegezählungen auf 50 nach „geschichteter Zufallsauswahl“ ausgewählter Probeflächen von je 0,25 ha Größe ergab für 1995 einen Brutbestand 13.449 Silbermöwen- und 1846 Heringsmöwen-Brutpaaren. Die zur Brut genutzte Fläche betrug 245 ha. Siedlungsschwerpunkt mit im Mittel 126 BP/ha war die Norddüne. In dreitägigem Abstand vorgenommene Nestkontrollen ergaben, daß Vögel der mit 65 BP/ha besiedelten Süddüne 1995 signifikant später mit der Brut begannen als Brutvögel der mit 134 BP/ha besiedelten Norddünen-Probefläche (p〈0,01; Legegipfel: 11.–15.5. bzw. 6.–10.5.). Bei auf beiden Probeflächen identischer mittlerer Gelegestärke von 2,8 Eiern/Gelege flogen im Süden 1,5 Küken/BP aus, im Norden nur 1,1. Hauptverlustursache, primär im Bereich hoher Siedlungsdichte, waren Ei- und Kükenraub durch Artgenossen. In den ersten 28 Lebenstagen ergab sich in drei Untersuchungsjahren (1994–96) eine annähernd identische Körpermassenentwicklung. Vom 5.–25. Lebenstag (Phase linearer Massenzunahme) nahmen die Jungvögel im Mittel 26,3 g/Tag zu. Etwa ab dem 30. Lebenstag nahmen die meisten Küken wieder ab. Jährlich bzw. flächenspezifisch unterschiedliche Ausflugmassen resultierten aus unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen ab dem 30. Tag. Die höchsten Körpermassen erreichten 1995 im Norden Mellums aufgezogene Jungvögel mit im Mittel 781,7 g am 45. Lebenstag; am leichtesten waren 1994 auf der Süddüne aufgezogene Küken mit nur 552,5 g. Die für das wattenmeerweite Brutbestands- und Bruterfolgsmonitoring vorgeschlagenen Methoden sind zur Dokumentation zeitlicher und räumlicher Unterschiede geeignet. Brutvögel beider Probeflächen fraßen überwiegend Muscheln, wobei im NordenMacoma balthica und im SüdenMytilus edulis dominierte. Auffallend waren die hohen Anteile terrestrischer Nahrung im Süden: Lumbriciden und „Müllkomponenten“ hatten im Mittel Anteile von jeweils ca. 25%. Direktbeobachtungen und radiotelemetrische Untersuchungen belegen für Brutvögel beider Koloniebereiche ein regelmäßiges Aufsuchen des ca. 10 km südwestlich Mellums gelegenen Festlands, insbesondere von Mülldeponien. Auch wenn dichteabhängige Regulationsprozesse des Bruterfolgs nachgewiesen werden konnten, scheint eine weitere Zunahme des Silbermöwen-Brutbestands Mellums möglich. Der Bruterfolg war mit im Mittel 1,3 Küken/BP weit höher als zur Bestandserhaltung notwendig (0,6 Küken/BP). Auf nur ca. 20% der zur Brut genutzten Fläche wurden Dichten von ≥100 BP/ha ermittelt. Zudem wurden weite Bereiche potentiell zur Brut geeigneter Gebiete noch nicht genutzt. Auch wenn die Nahrungssituation gut war, könnte der Populationszuwachs langfristig am ehesten durch das Nahrungsangebot bzw. ggf. auch durch Konkurrenz mit der Heringsmöwe limitiert werden.
    Notizen: Summary In the mid-nineties the German Wadden Sea island Mellum (53°N 43′E 08°09′E) harboured about 30% of the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) population breeding along the German North Sea coast. In 1995 we estimated the actual population size as well as reproductive success and chick growth in relation to population density and food choice. Furthermore, the methods of monitoring population size and breeding success recommended for the trilateralJoint Monitoring Project for Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea were evaluated. To survey population size gull nests were counted on 50 randomly selected plots of 0.25 ha each (’stratified sampling‘). For 1995 the estimation indicated a colony size of 13,449 Herring Gull and 1846 Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) paris settling on an area of about 245 ha. Highest densities were recorded in the northern dune area, where mean density was 126 Herring Gull nests/ha. Breeding biology was studied on two plots with different population density. One plot with 134 pairs/ha was located in the north of the island, and a second with only 65 pairs/ha in the south. Nests were visited every 3 days. In the southern dune area clutch initiation started significantly later than in the northern part of the island (p〈0.01; median: 11.–15.5. vs. 6.5.–10.5.). Whereas mean clutch size (2.8 eggs/clutch) was similar in the two sites, reproductive success was different. On the southern plot reproductive success was 1.5 fledged young/breeding pair, compared to 1.1 on the northern plot. The difference was mainly caused by greater predation by conspecifics, in particular predation on chicks in the more densely populated north of the island. During the first 4 weeks after hatching, the growth rate of chicks was nearly identical in the 3 years of investigation (1994–1996). Between day 5 and day 25 (linear phase of growth) body mass increased by 26.3 g/d. From day 30 onwards, the body mass of most chicks decreased, thus causing different body masses of the fledglings. At the age of 45 days the highest body masses were recorded on the northern plot in 1995, on average 781.7 g, the lowest masses in the southern dune area 1994 (552.5 g). The methods recommended for monitoring population size and breeding success in the international Wadden Sea seem also to be appropriate for recording spatial differences as well as temporal changes. Diet composition was examined by pellet analyses. The birds of both study plots fed predominantly on mussels. WhereasMacoma balthica was the main prey species of birds breeding in the north,Mytilus edulis dominated in pellets of birds breeding in the south of the island. Interestingly, birds of both plots, but in particular from the southern plot fed on terrestrial food, too. About 25% of the pellets from birds breeding in the south contained earthworms and/or miscellaneous refuse. Direct observations and radio tracking studies showed that birds from both plots regularly fed at the mainland coast, especially on refuse tips. A further increase of the Herring Gull population seems to be possible. Though reproductive success decreased with increasing population density, even a density of ≥100 pairs/ha resulted in a high breeding success. In 1995 mean fledging success was estimated at 1.3 fledged chicks/pair. Only about 0.6 chicks/pair are necessary to maintain population size. On only about 20% of the colonized area has a density of ≥100 pairs/ha been reached as yet. Furthermore, there are some potential breeding grounds on Mellum not yet colonized. Though feeding conditions were good, it can be assumed for the future that feeding conditions can became one of the main factors limiting population size. Additionally, interspecific competition with the ever increasing population of Lesser Black-backed Gulls has to be taken into consideration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 401-405 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): Biocides ; organochlorines ; mercury ; pollution ; river Rhine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1994/95 durchgeführte Vergleichsuntersuchungen zur Belastung von Binnenland- und Wattenmeerbrütern des Austernfischers mit den Bioziden DDT, DDE und HCH sowie den Industriechemikalien PCB, HCB und Hg ergaben in Austernfischer-Eiern vom Unteren Niederrhein signifikant höhere Konzentrationen chlororganischer Verbindungen als in Eiern der Wattenmeerinseln Griend (NL) und Mellum (D). Nur Hg wurde in niederrheinischen Eiern in hoch signifikant geringerer Konzentration gefunden als in Eiern von Brutvögel des Wattenmeeres. Austernfischer-Eier von Griend waren bezüglich der meisten analysierten Parameter geringer belastet als Eier von Mellum (Ausnahmen: pp'DDT, Σ PCB). Von den untersuchten Umweltchemikalien war die PCB-Konzentration in allen drei Untersuchungsgebieten am höchsten. Die hohe PCB-Kontamination am Unteren Niederrhein spiegelt die auch heute noch erhebliche Belastung des Flusses mit „Altlasten” wider. Weder die Konzentration der untersuchten Industriechemikalien noch die der Biozide dürften von embryotoxischer Wirkung gewesen sein.
    Notizen: Summary Due to the international importance of the Wadden Sea for waders and waterfowl a long-term programme to monitor contamination of birds breeding in the Wadden Sea has been established in the early 1980s. One of the species selected is the Oystercatcher. Comparatively little is known about contamination of birds breeding inland. Therefore, we collected eight eggs of Oystercatchers breeding at the Lower Rhine (district of Kleve) and analysed their contamination with biocides (DDT, DDE, HCH) and industrial chemicals (PCB, HCB, Hg) in comparison to birds breeding on the Wadden Sea islands of Griend (NL) and Mellum (D), where ten eggs were collected in 1994/95. We found distinctive differences between inland and Wadden Sea breeding Oystercatchers. Eggs from the Lower Rhine had significantly higher residues of all organochlorines, whereas concentration of mercury was significantly lower than in those from birds breeding on the Wadden Sea islands. In general, eggs collected on Griend held lower concentrations than those collected on Mellum island, except pp'-DDT and Σ PCB. The high PCB contamination in Ostercatcher eggs from the Lower Rhine nowadays reflects the extreme pollution in the past. However, concentrations of the parameters studied obviously had no embryotoxic effects in Oystercatchers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 125 (1984), S. 94-97 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The primary call „Guhk“ of male Little Owls functions in pair formation and territory defense. According to literature this call is uttered exclusively by the male. A similar call given by female Little Owls has been recorded on tape; both calls were analysed by means of a sound spectrograph. In comparison to the call of the female the male's call lasted longer, the pitch being higher in the main part. The call was uttered louder and clearer by the male than by the female. During the main time of courtship the male repeated the Guhk-call often monotonously for several minutes, whereas spacing between the notes was irregular and the number of calls given in a group varied only between three and five, or the notes occured singly when the call was uttered by the female. Because of these differences it should be possible to distinguish male and female Little Owls by their vocalizations. This can be important for census work.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 12 (1989), S. 211-215 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Schlagwort(e): Computed tomography ; spine ; spine surgery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract 32 patients with internal fixation of the spine were postoperatively examined by computerized tomography. Details of metallic osteosynthetic material were demonstrated in all our cases. Bony structures were well defined in 27 patients, whereas soft tissue imaging was degraded by scattering artifacts in 14 of 20 examinations. Application of intrathecal contrast medium, however, was helpful for the evaluation of intraspinal soft tissues. Involvement of extraspinal soft tissues could be interpreted on the basis extent of vertebral osseous destruction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Fibrous pleural tumour ; Solitary fibrous tumour ; Sarcomatoid mesothelioma ; Comparative genomic hybridisation ; Paraffin material
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) of the pleura, in contrast to malignant mesothelioma, occur independently of previous asbestos exposure. They are benign tumours, but may recur if the stalk to the adjacent pleural or lung tissue remains in situ during surgical removal. The molecular pathology of SFTs is largely unknown. We used comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) to characterise 12 localised SFTs and 12 predominantly sarcomatoid mesotheliomas. Fifty-eight percent of the investigated SFTs did not show any chromosomal imbalances. The most frequent defects were losses on chromosome arms 13q (33%), 4q and 21q (17% each). Significant gains were seen at chromosome 8 and at 15q in two cases each. There was no correlation between tumour size and molecular pathology findings. In contrast, 75% of the mesotheliomas carried chromosomal defects. On average, the mesotheliomas showed over three times as many defects per tumour as the SFTs. Localisation of several frequent losses and gains were similar to those of the SFTs. Therefore, in individual cases, a clear distinction between SFTs and sarcomatoid mesotheliomas is not possible based on CGH analysis alone. Further molecular characterisation of this rare tumour entity will be necessary to elucidate possible genes involved in early tumorigenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background. Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) is a relatively new, non-invasive imaging technique of the biliary tree that has shown good correlation with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The liver manifestation of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF). CHF may be accompanied by Caroli's disease, which is characterised by a non-obstructive dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Objective. A prospective study was conducted to determine the presence and extent of Caroli's disease in children with ARPKD. Materials and methods. Seven children with ARPKD aged from 3.0 to 10.1 years were examined. CHF was confirmed in all biopsied cases (5 of 7). All children had been followed by repeated abdominal US examinations for many years. The MR examination included a morphological imaging study using a T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence and a heavily T2-weighted inversion-recovery turbo spin-echo sequence with three-dimensional maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions for MRC. Results. The diagnosis of Caroli's disease could be made in one case by US; in two other children Caroli's disease was suspected, but the differentiation from hepatic cysts was not possible. By MRC, Caroli's disease could be diagnosed in three of seven children. Furthermore, MRC with MIP reconstructions demonstrated the extent of the disease by showing the entire biliary tree from different angles. Conclusions. MRC is a valuable method to establish the diagnosis and demonstrate the extent of Caroli's disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Key words HGF/SF ; c-Met receptor ; Malignant mesothelioma ; autocrine loop ; angiogenesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) stimulates cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness via its receptor c-Met during embryogenesis and repair processes. It induces angiogenesis, promoting endothelial cell migration and capillary-tube formation in vivo. Co-expression of HGF/SF and c-Met receptor results in enhanced tumour growth, invasiveness and a mesenchymal-epithelial transition in some experimental tumours. Since mesothelioma cells have been reported to express c-Met receptor and to migrate in response to HGF/SF, we investigated human malignant pleural mesotheliomas for the demonstration of possible co-expression of the growth factor and its receptor. The microvessel density of the tumours was also analysed in order to assess the influence of HGF/SF expression on tumour angiogenesis. Thirty-nine paraffin-embedded specimens of malignant pleural mesotheliomas were immunostained by anti-HGF/SF and anti-c-Met antibodies and semiquantitatively evaluated. c-Met mRNA expression was visualised in ten tumour samples by a fluorescent in situ hybridisation method. Microvessel density was calculated by counting microvessels with a high-power field (200×) on von-Willebrand-factor-stained slides. We found an increased production of HGF/SF in 33/39 tumours and a corresponding overexpression of c-Met receptor in 29/39 specimens. The FISH method detected increased transcription of c-Met mRNA in malignant cells and in neighbouring vascular endothelial cells. HGF/SF-positive mesotheliomas had significantly higher microvessel densities compared to their HGF/SF-negative counterparts. The observed co-expression of HGF/SF and c-Met in malignant pleural mesotheliomas suggests a possible self-stimulation (autocrine loop) of tumour cells. On the basis of the significantly higher microvessel density values of malignant mesotheliomas overexpressing HGF/SF, we postulate, that HGF/SF may be an additional relevant factor in tumour angiogenesis in malignant pleural mesotheliomas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Key words VEGF ; Sarcoma ; Expression ; Secretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important cytokine especially in the process of tumour angiogenesis. A total of 46 soft-tissue sarcomas were analysed for the expression and possible secretion of VEGF by immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridisation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). VEGF was demonstrated immunohistochemically in tumour tissue in 45 of 46 cases. The detection of mRNA transcripts yielded evidence of synthesis of VEGF in these sarcomas. ELISA could be performed in 21 cases. Higher concentrations of VEGF were found in tumour-related intraoperatively sampled venous blood in 16 out of 21 patients (76%) than in systemic concentrations taken preoperatively. The results indicated the secretion of VEGF by tumour cells although these raised concentrations were not statistically significant. In 12 out of these 16 patients (75%) a concurrent moderate to strong immunoexpression of VEGF was detected. The relevance of VEGF blood concentrations as a potential “progress parameter” for the course of disease remains questionable. This is mainly due to the lack of statistical significance in the difference between systemic VEGF concentrations in patients and those of a control group. Further long-term follow-up studies are needed, which should include patients with tumour recurrences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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