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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Combinatorial Property of Convex Sets (1997)
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 17 (1997), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. A known result in combinatorial geometry states that any collection P n of points on the plane contains two such that any circle containing them contains n/c elements of P n , c a constant. We prove: Let Φ be a family of n noncrossing compact convex sets on the plane, and let S be a strictly convex compact set. Then there are two elements S i , S j of Φ such that any set S' homothetic to S that contains them contains n/c elements of Φ, c a constant (S' is homothetic to S if $S' = \lambda S + {\bf v}$ , where λ is a real number greater than 0 and ${\bf v}$ is a vector of $\Re^2$ ). Our proof method is based on a new type of Voronoi diagram, called the ``closest covered set diagram'' based on a convex distance function. We also prove that our result does not generalize to higher dimensions; we construct a set Φ of n disjoint convex sets in $\Re^3$ such that for any nonempty subset Φ H of Φ there is a sphere S H containing all the elements of Φ H , and no other element of Φ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009296
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methodology for retinal photography and assessment of diabetic retinopathy: the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 437-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-dependent diabetes ; diabetic retinopathy ; retinal photography ; grading scheme.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present the methodology for 45° retinal photography and detail the development, application and validation of a new system of 45° field grading standards for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy. The systems were developed for the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study, part of a European Community funded Concerted Action Programme into the epidemiology and prevention of diabetes (EURODIAB). Assessment of diabetic retinopathy was carried out centrally by a trained reader of colour retinal photographs using the newly-developed system. The system proved to be acceptably accurate, repeatable and relatively simple to apply. It compared well with the recognised ’gold standard' 7-field 30° stereo photography (assessed using a modified Airlie House classification scheme), against which the new system was validated in a series of 48 eyes. Selection was as a stratified random sample based on clinical retinopathy status: 5, no retinopathy; 25, non-proliferative retinopathy; 16, proliferative or photocoagulated; plus 2, eyes with potentially confounding lesions (vein occlusion). Simple presence of retinal lesions was correctly detected by both systems in 43 of the 48 eyes, giving 100 % agreement on detection. Both systems correctly identified the two known cases of confounding vein occlusion. In eyes with diabetic retinopathy (n = 41), when severity was expressed in three groups: mild background, moderate/severe background and proliferative/photocoagulated, at least one grader (out of five) using the new system matched the verified results in 38 out of 41 (93 %) eyes and three or more graders matched in 31 (76 %) eyes. Individually the five graders' 2-field allocations agreed well with the verified levels (median number of agreements 37, range 28–43). Repeatability was assessed by measures of within and between observer variation using randomly selected samples of 10 % (n = 252 eyes) and 5 % (n = 123 eyes) of the main study, respectively, expressed as a resultant kappa value for chance-corrected proportional agreement. Within observer assessment yielded a kappa of 0.85 and between observers a value of 0.83; indicating very good agreement for both measures. The method is particularly useful for large epidemiological studies, in which participating centres have a limited experience in retinal photography. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 437–444]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410281
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycated haemoglobin, plasma glucose and diabetic retinopathy: cross-sectional and prospective analyses (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 428-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glycated haemoglobin A1 ; plasma glucose ; diabetic retinopathy ; risk factor ; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis ; Pima Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among Pima Indians with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus the relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1), fasting or 2-h post-load plasma glucose and diabetic retinopathy were examined by cross-sectional and prospective analyses, and the strengths of the associations were directly compared by receiver operating characteristic analysis. In the cross-sectional analysis, HbA1, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose were each significantly related to retinopathy among 789 diabetic subjects by separate logistic models. In a stepwise multiple logistic model in which HbA1, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose were included, HbA1 was selected as having the strongest association with retinopathy and neither fasting nor 2-h plasma glucose contributed significantly to the model once HbA1 was entered. Similarly, in the prospective analysis, HbA1, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose all predicted retinopathy in 227 diabetic subjects by separate proportional-hazards models. In a stepwise proportional-hazards model with HbA1, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose available to the model, HbA1 was again selected as having the strongest association with the incidence of retinopathy, and neither fasting nor 2-h plasma glucose significantly added to the prediction of retinopathy. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine if HbA1 was statistically significantly better than fasting or 2-h plasma glucose in assessing the risk for retinopathy. In neither the cross-sectional nor the prospective data did the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for HbA1 differ significantly from that for fasting or 2-h plasma glucose (p〉0.05 for each). In conclusion, HbA1, an integrated measure of blood glucose concentration over a period of 2–3 months, is slightly more closely associated with the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy than a single blood glucose determination. However, the differences between HbA1 and fasting or 2-h plasma glucose in assessing the association with or the risk for retinopathy are not significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402279
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic studies of protein turnover in motoneurons of IDPN-treated rats (1972)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 22 (1972), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: β-β′-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) ; Axonal Balloons ; Protein Turnover Autoradiography ; H3-Leucine ; Spinal Motoneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autoradiography was performed in order to envisage the turnover of H3-leucin labeled protein in the perikarya of spinal motoneurons and in the axonal balloons formed after repeated administrations of IDPN (β-β′-iminodiproprionitrile) in rats. These results suggested that (1) there was no significant, if any,in situ protein synthesis within the axon balloons, (2) the protein turnover was not appreciably altered in the perikarya of the control and IDPN-intoxicated rats, and (3) the labeled protein collected in the axon balloons seemed to be transported from the perikarya to which they were linked with short axonal segments (30 μ in average length).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684521
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly purified noradrenaline storage vesicles from bovine splenic nerve trunk: Preliminary electron microscopy (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 994-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Les vésicules de la NA du nerf splénique de Bœuf ont été obtenues par gradient de centrifugation («sucrose-heavy water»), Le rapport NA/protéine observé est de 4 à 7 fois plus élevé que celui qui a été mentionné précédemment. L'examen préliminaire de cette fraction, par microscopie électronique, révèle une couche importante et pratiquement pure de vésicules à la surface du sédiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114152
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial antigens and autoantibodies: from anti-M1 to anti-M9 (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 897-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Mitochondrial antigens ; Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The specificity and clinical relevance of nine antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) — anti-M1 to anti-M9 — are described. All nine AMA types react with antigens which are associated either with inner (M1, M2, M7) our outer mitochondrial membranes (M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M9) derived from rat liver or beef heart mitochondria. These antigens can be clearly distinguished by their different physical and chemical properties. Anti-M1 to anti-M9 can be related to distinct clinical entities: anti-M1, anti-M5, and anti-M7 are found in nonhepatic disorders, such as syphilis (anti-M1), undefined collagen diseases (anti-M5), and some forms of cardiac diseases (anti-M7). Anti-M3 and anti-M6 are detected in drug-induced disorders, such as phenopyrazon-induced pseudolupus syndrome (PLE; anti-M3) and iproniazid-induced hepatitis (anti-M6). Anti-M2, anti-M4, anti-M8, and anti-M9 are confined to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Anti-M2 is a specific marker for the diagnosis of PBC; 96% of PBC patients (n=752) were anti-M2 positive. Anti-M4 and anti-M8 seem to reflect disease activity. Anti-M9 antibodies occur preferentially in early PBC. The clinical course of PBC was analyzed with respect to four different AMA profiles: profile A: only anti-M9 positive in the ELISA; profile B: anti-M9 and anti-M2 positive in the ELISA; profile C: anti-M2 positive in ELISA and complement fixation test (CFT), but anti-M4 and anti-M8 positive only in the ELISA; and profile D: anti-M2, anti-M4, anti-M8 positive in ELISA and CFT. Patients with profile A und B were found to have a rather benign course while those patients with profile C and D showed a rather progressive course when followed over a period of 6–15 years. Considering the similarities between bacterial and mitochondrial membranes, it is suggested that the formation of AMA of different specificities in PBC, especially of the anti-M2 type, may be induced by cross-reacting antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728613
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differenzierung der Proteinurie durch die Mikroelektrophorese in kontinuierlichen Polyacrylamid-Gradientengelen (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Polyacrylamide-gradient gels ; microelectrophoresis ; proteinuria ; glomerulonephritis ; Polyacrylamid-Gradientengele ; Mikroelektrophorese ; Proteinurie ; Glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Anwendung der Mikroelektrophorese in Polyacrylamid-Gradientengelen zur Differenzierung der Proteinurie bei Glomerulonephritis berichtet. Die zeitlichen und methodischen Vorteile dieser Elektrophorese erlauben eine routinemäßige Durchführung in der Klinik. Durch die Auftrennung der Urinproteine nach ihrer Molekulargröße und Form lassen sich vier Proteinuriemuster unterscheiden: kleinmolekular, mittelmolekular, intermediär und hochmolekular. Glomerulonephritisformen, die konstante morphologische und klinische Veränderungen zeigen (z.B. minimal proliferierende Glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis mit diffuser Halbmondbildung), lassen eine Zuordnung ihrer Proteinurie zu einem der vier Proteinuriemuster zu, während bei den anderen Glomerulonephritisformen (z.B. perimembranöse Glomerulone-phritis, mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis) eine Abhängigkeit des Proteinuriemusters von der Glomerulonephritisphase vermutet wird.
    Notes: Summary It is possible to differentiate the proteinuria of glomerulonephritis by means of microelectrophoresis in polyacrylamide-gradient gels. The advantages of this method (quick, cheap, concentration of the urine not required) led to its introduction into clinical use. Upon separating the urinary proteins according to their molecular weight and form, four patterns of proteinuria may be differentiated: low molecular, middle molecular, intermediate and high molecular. Those forms of glomerulonephritis which show constant morphological and clinical findings (e.g. minimal proliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents) can be related to one of the four patterns of proteinuria, whereas the pattern of proteinuria in other forms of glomerulone-phritis (e.g. (peri-)membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis) are dependent on the phase of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466982
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition and the skeletal density pattern of the coralPorites lobata (Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea) (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the massive coralPorites lobata collected from the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea, in May 1987 were measured along the vertical growth axis. The isotopic compositions show annual periodicity. The variations along the isotopic profile, compared with the X-radiography, indicate that the high-density bands are enriched in18O and deposited during the season of lowest water temperature (winter). In contrast, the low-density bands are depleted in18O and deposited during the warmest seawater temperatures (summer). The stable carbon and the oxygen isotopic ratios are negatively correlated with a shift in phase. During the season of higher water temperatures and light intensity values (summer), the skeleton is depleted in18O and enriched in13C and vice versa for the winter time. The shift between the carbon and the oxygen isotopic curves reflects the shift between the seasonal light intensities and seasonal temperature variations in the shallow water. The oxygen isotope ratio was used to detect the seasonal variations in seawater temperatures. The coral aragonitic skeleton is depleted in18O compared to apparent equilibrium with ambient seawater. The disequilibria range from (ca.) -3.10‰ to -3.50‰ with an average value of 3.40‰. The isotope fractionation behavior during skeleton precipitation is discussed in light of the environmental variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702470
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic genotoxic effects of tobacco-related nitrosamines following oral and inhalational administration to Sprague-Dawley rats (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines ; Toxicokinetics ; Genotoxicity ; Systemic effects ; Primary cells ; Detection of DNA damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ex vivo model to detect nonspecific DNA damage in different rat tissues has been developed and employed to study systemic properties of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. One hour after treatment of rats with the carcinogens, primary, intact cells were isolated from various organs. Viability of the cells was monitored by trypan blue exclusion. Genotoxicity was determined by alkaline elution, in situ nick translation or microgel electrophoresis. We found that oral application of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces genotoxic effects in the liver (3.125–50 mg/kg), whereas N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is only moderately active (50–100 mg/kg). Furthermore, oral administration of NNK, NNN, and of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), induces DNA damage in the nasal cavity. In peripheral blood lymphocytes genotoxicity of NDMA (〈 2 mg/kg), but not of NNK (50 mg/kg), was observed. NDMA and NNK are just as genotoxic in the liver when administered by inhalation as orally (effective doses: 0.1–1 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). For human cancer, these results indicate that in addition to the susceptibilities in local organs (oral cavity after snuff dipping and lung after tobacco smoke inhalation), these nitrosamines also pose a risk systemically for more remote organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184666
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study on antibodies to nucleoli and 5-hydroxytryptamine in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and tryptophan-induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome ; Fibromyalgia syndrome ; Anti-serotonin antibodies ; Anti-ganglioside antibodies ; Anti-phospholipid antibodies ; Anti-nucleolar antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been related to intake of “contaminated” L-tryptophan, and an alteration in tryptophan 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) metabolism has been reported in EMS patients. Recently we found that a defined autoantibody pattern consisting of antibodies to nucleoli, gangliosides, and phospholipids is closely related to the fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) which clinically resembles the EMS. We were therefore interested to see whether these antibodies can also be detected in patients with EMS. Studied were 27 patients with acute EMS (13 of whom were also examined 2 years after acute onset), 100 patients with FS, and 40 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). As controls, sera from 100 blood donors were analyzed. Antibodies to nucleoli were demonstrated by immunofluorescence test on cell cultures in 52% of patients with acute EMS, 62% of patients with chronic EMS, and 37% of FS patients. Western blotting with a nuclear extract from HeLa cells revealed in both diseases the same epitopes at 63, 57, and 53 kDa. Antibodies to 5-HT, gangliosides (Gm1), and phospholipids were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among patients with FS 73% had antibodies to 5-HT, in contrast to only 19% of patients with acute EMS. However, 77% of the 13 EMS patients analyzed 2 years later had become anti-5-HT antibody positive during that time. Also the incidence of antibodies to Gm1 increased from 37% at acute onset to 69% in patients with chronic EMS (30%). The various antibodies were detected in only 18% of healthy controls. Serum 5-HT levels were decreased in patients with acute EMS compared to those with chronic EMS or FS. In patients with PSS they were significantly increased. It is concluded that EMS may have been developed in patients with FS who may have reacted in an allergic manner to a more immunogenic (“contaminated”) L-tryptophan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207485
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