Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Liver cirrhosis ; Ascites ; Renin-angictensin-aldosterone-system ; Renal functional impairment ; Sodium excretion ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ascites in patients with cirrhosis of the liver frequently is refractory to diuretic treatment. It was postulated that vasoconstriction of the renal cortex, mediated by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), may be one course of the disturbed sodium- and water-excretion in these patients. We therefore investigated in 14 cirrhotic patients with ascites under constant diuretic treatment the effects of low-dose captopril therapy on urinary sodium- and potassium-excretion, body weight, abdominal girth, serum-sodium,-potassium, creatinine-clearance, plasma-renin-activity (PRA), plasma-aldosterone (PA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). After a control period of 4 days the patients received 2 × 6.25 mg/d captopril for 5 days and 4 × 6.25 mg/d for further 5 days. Treatment was followed by a second control period without captopril. PRA increased significantly after 2 days of captopril treatment. 2 × 6.25 mg/d captopril induced a significant increase in sodium excretion and a significant decrease of body weight. MAP decreased slightly but significantly without clinical signs of hypotension. 4 × 6.25 mg/d captopril resulted in a further reduction of body weight and a further enhancement of sodium excretion. Three days after withdrawal of captopril sodium output was significantly reduced again. Conclusion: In cirrhotic patients low-dose captopril seems to be efficient in the treatment of ascites resistant to diuretics without causing major side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because of the high rate of spontaneous remission, treatment of membranous nephropathy with prednisolone and chlorambucil is still controversial. The aim of this study was to give this therapy only to those patients at risk of developing renal insufficiency and to test the efficacy of a low-dose therapeutic regimen. Seventeen patients with more than 10 g protein excretion per day (mean 16.9) and/or a deterioration in renal function (mean serum creatinine, 162 μmol/l) were included. Serum total protein, serum lipids, proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood pressure were measured, along with the diuretic and antihypertensive medication. The observation time before the start of treatment was 27 ± 27 months. Steroids were given during months 1, 3, and 5 (methylprednisolone 3 × 500 mg intravenously) prednisolone 0.5 mg/kgBW daily per os for 1 week, then tapered by 0.1 mg/kg BW/week for 1 month. Chlorambucil was given during months 2, 4, and 6 at a dose of 0.12 mg/kgBW daily. At the end of treatment proteinuria had significantly decreased (mean of all patients, 7.8 ± 1.4 g/d) in all patients. Six months after the end of treatment proteinuria was significantly lower than at baseline in 14 of 17 patients. Hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia had improved; diuretic and antihypertensive medication were reduced. Elevated serum creatinine decreased in 7 of 9 patients (pretreatment, 227 ± 39 μmol/1; 6 months, 176 ± 28 μmol/l). Nonresponders with respect to serum creatinine responded with respect to proteinuria. Regarding adverse effects, two patients complained of dyspepsia while taking steroids; during chlorambucil treatment two patients experienced nausea and lack of appetite, and one developed leukopenia (1600/μl). Chlorambucil was stopped and cell counts normalized 2 weeks later. We conclude that low-dose prednisolone/chlorambucil is both safe and efficient in the majority of patients with severe membranous nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 255-262 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: spironolactone ; canrenone ; fluorimetry ; high performance liquid chromatography ; linear kinetics ; saturation kinetics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Study I 20 normal volunteers received a single oral dose of spironolactone 100 mg. In Study II a further 20 normal volunteers were given first spironolactone 100 mg b.i.d. and subsequently spironolactone 100 mg once a day for a further 4 days. In Study III 5 normal subjects were given a single dose of spironolactone 500 mg. The concentration of canrenone in serum was determined both by fluorimetry and HPLC for 0–48 h in Study I, 120–168 h in Study II and 0–36 h in Study III. The total AUCs after the single 100 mg dose did not differ from the AUCs within the dosing interval during steady state. The half-lives of the terminal log-linear phases were almost identical (14.99±0.80 h and 15.69±0,80 h) when determined by fluorimetry, and were sligthly, but significantly (p〈0.01), longer when determined by HPLC — 20.14±1.62 and 18.71±1.04. The mean ratio of the specific AUC determined by HPLC and the fluorimetrically determined AUC was 0.3 after the single 100 mg dose. It did not differ from the corresponding value during steady state (0.34). In contrast, the ratio after the single 500 mg dose was approximately 50% higher. Fluorimetrically determined AUCs after 100 and 500 mg doses did not show dose-proportionality in contrast to the HPLC-determined AUCs. It was concluded that Canrenone contributes much less to the conventional fluorimetric determination than was previously assumed. It may not provide more than 1/10 and 1/4 of the antimineralocorticoid activity of spironolactone after single dose and multiple doses, respectively. Whereas linear kinetics apply after single and multiple 100 mg doses of spironolactone, after 500 mg saturation kinetics must be assumed with respect to metabolism. Thus, in bioavailability studies high doses of spironolactone should be avoided. For such studies the fluorimetric assay seems to be the appropriate bioanalytical method in spite of its lower specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bezafibrate ; hyperlipoproteinemia ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; GC-MS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition kinetics of bezafibrate, a newly developed drug of great lipid-lowering potency, were investigated in normal male subjects. Five male volunteers received14C-labelled bezafibrate orally in solution, and a further 10 were given the same dose (300 mg) of un-labelled drug as tablets. The concentration of bezafibrate in serum and urine from the latter was determined by GC, and in the former total radioactivity in serum, urine and feces was followed for 48 h, and urinary excretion products were analysed by TLC and GC-MS. Rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract led to peak serum levels 30 min and 2 h after administration of solution and tablets, respectively. Since approximately 95% of the administered14C-bezafibrate was excreted in urine within 48 h, and almost all the remainder was detected in feces, absorption can be regarded as complete after administration in solution. The relative optimal bioavailability from the tablets was also complete, since in both cases approximately 50% of the administered dose was detected as unchanged bezafibrate in urine within 24 h by GC in the tablet study, and by TLC in the solution study. Of the decomposition products, more than 20% of the dose was present as glucuronides and the remainder consisted of several more polar compounds, one of which was identified as a hydroxyderivative of bezafibrate. Since the apparent halflife of bezafibrate in serum was 2.1 h, this new drug possesses favourable pharmacokinetic features: rapid and complete absorption, even from tablets, combined with a conveniently short half-life, and clearance which is half renal (56 ml/min) and half metabolic (43 ml/min), giving a total clearance of 99 ml/min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ramipril ; renal insufficiency ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; ramiprilat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an open trial, the pharmacokinetics of ramipril and its active metabolite ramiprilat were studied in 25 hypertensive patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency given 5 mg ramipril p.o. for 14 days. Ramipril was rapidly absorbed and reached a peak concentration after 1–2 h. Cmax was greater in patients with severe renal insufficiency, which might indicate a reduced renal elimination rate, although, the rapid decline of the concentration-time curve for ramipril was almost independent of renal function. The mean initial apparent half-lives on Days 1 and 12, respectively, were 2.8 and 3.4 h (Group I: creatinine clearance 5–15 ml/min), 1.8 and 2.3 h (Group II: creatinine clearance 15–40 ml/min), and 1.9 and 1.9 h (Group III: creatinine clearance 40–80 ml/min). No accumulation was observed after multiple dosing. In contrast, the kinetics of its active acid metabolite ramiprilat was significantly influenced by renal function. The mean times to the peak plasma concentration were 5.7 h in Group I, 4.4 h in Group II and 3.8 h in Group III. The initial decline in plasma ramiprilat was dependent upon renal function; the mean initial apparent half-lives (Days 1 and 12, respectively) were 16.0 and 14.8 h (Group I), 10.1 and 9.5 h (Group II) and 10.6 and 8.0 h (Group III). Mean trough concentrations and absolute accumulation also increased with worsening renal function, and the renal clearance of ramiprilat was significantly correlated with the creatinine clearance. The subsequent long terminal phase at low plasma ramiprilat concentrations represented slow dissociation of the ACE-inhibitor complex. The study indicates that in patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 30 ml/min) smaller doses of ramipril are required than in patients with normal or borderline renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1971), S. 32-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; potentiation of hypoglycemic action ; phenylbutazone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Metabolically healthy subjects were given an intravenous injection of 1,13 mg14C-labelled glibenclamide (HB 419). The plasma level, renal elimination of the radioactivity and metabolism of the substance were investigated. Two minutes after administration the HB 419 is virtually present only in the blood and at the end of the distribution period mostly in the extracellular space. 53% of the radioactivity is excreted via the kidneys in the form of metabolites. If glibenclamide is administrated in the same way to the same subjects after pretreatment with phenylbutazone there are no differences in the course of the plasma levels or the rate of elimination from the blood. There is, however, a significant difference in the excretion of the radioactivity in the urine. In the presence of phenylbutazone significantly less HB 419 metabolite is excreted renally. In view of the known alternative route of elimination it is suggested that the amount not excreted in the urine is in compensation eliminated via the bile. There was no difference in the metabolism of glibenclamide between the control and phenylbutazone treated groups. The potentiation by phenylbutazone of HB 419 action, and probably also that of other antidiabetic sulphonylureas, must therefore be due predominantly to other causes (Communication III).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Stoffwechselgesunde Versuchspersonen erhielten14C-markiertes Glibenclamid in einer Dosis von 1.13 mg/Vpn i.v. gespritzt. Plasmaspiegelverläufe, renale Elimination der Radioaktivität und die Metabolisierung der Substanz wurden untersucht. Zwei Minuten nach der Applikation ist HB 419 praktisch nur im Blutund nach Abschluß der Verteilung weitgehend im Extracellulärraum vorhanden. 53% der Radioaktivität werden über die Nieren in Form von Metaboliten ausgeschieden. Wird den gleichen Probanden nach Prämedikation mit Phenylbutazon Glibenclamid in gleicher Weise verabfolgt, ergibt sich kein Unterschied hinsichtlich der Plasmaspiegelverläufe und der Eliminationsgeschwindigkeit aus dem Blut. Ein signifikanter Unterschied besteht jedoch in der Ausscheidung der Radioaktivität in den Harn (26.3%). In Gegenwart von Phenylbutazon wird ein signifikant geringerer Anteil von HB 419-Metaboliten renal eliminiert. Aufgrund des bekannten zweiten Ausscheidungsweges wird vermutet, daß der fehlende Anteil kompensatorisch über die Galle eliminiert wird. Die Metabolisierung von Glibenclamid weist keine Differenzen zwischen Phenylbutazon-und Kontroll-Gruppe auf. Die Wirkungspotenzierung von HB 419 — wahrscheinlich auch diejenige anderer antidiabetisch wirksamer Sulfonylharnstoffe — durch Phenylbutazon dürfte demnach überweigend andere Ursachen haben. (Mitteilung III).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 147 (1987), S. 542-549 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Trends in Biochemical Sciences 17 (1992), S. 307-311 
    ISSN: 0968-0004
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Trends in Biochemical Sciences 11 (1986), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 0968-0004
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...