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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compression molding simulation of chopped fiber reinforced polymeric composites in plate-rib type geometry (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study on anisotropic material flow of polymeric composites in compression molding was conducted. Flow resistance and material anisotropy were measured by compression and tension tests to quantify the inhomogeneity of chopped fiber reinforced polymeric composites. The material was assumed to obey Hill's anisotropic yield criterion with its associated flow rule. An anisotropic finite element formulation was developed to simulate the material flow under various conditions. This two-dimensional model was applied to plane strain compression in a mold with plate-rib type geometry to substantiate the effect of fiber induced anisotropy. The predictions were compared with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130205
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compression molding of sheet molding compounds in plate-rib type geometry (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 14 (1993), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flow of fiber-reinforced composite materials in a plate-rib type mold geometry during compression molding was investigated using a series of sheet molding compounds (SMC). Material anisotropy in relation to the amount and the length of reinforcing fibers was analyzed. The influence of the interfacial friction between SMC charge and the mold surface on the flow and sink mark formation was also examined. The results were explained qualitatively by computer simulation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750140108
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mold filling and curing analysis in liquid composite molding (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 14 (1993), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Non-isothermal mold filing and curing experiments of liquid composite molding were carried out in this work. To compare the experimental results with a previously developed numerical simulation model, measurements of volumetric heat transfer coefficient between the resin and the fiber, and characterization of resin kinetics and rheological changes were also conducted. Combined with the previously measured fiber perform permeability, the numerical model provided a good prediction of temperature profiles during molding for a polyurethane/glass fiber composite.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750140111
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fiber mat architecture on void formation and removal in liquid composite molding (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 386-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Liquid composite molding (LCM) processes such as resin transfer molding and structural reaction injection molding are considered to be high potential processes for the mass production of composite parts. The resin injection step in LCM consists of two simultaneous flows: bulk mold filling and tow wetting. This complexity often results in the entrapment of air in the composite part, which is known to result in degradation of part performance, In this work, systematic investigation of the resin flow behavior through various types of glass fiber reinforcements is carried out by flow visualization. The objective is to relate the fiber mat architecture to the micro scale flow pattern and void formation, movement, and removal. An optical image analysis and processing technique is developed to help quantify void formation. Void formation is related to liquid properties and fiber-liquid contact angle. Although the focus of the study is LCM, the results can be directly applied to other composite manufacturing processes that involve advancement of resin in a dry fiber reinforcement.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160507
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of polyester sheet molding compound. Part I: Experimental study (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and molding experiments were carried out to measure the effect of curing agents, namely initiators and inhibitor, on the SMC reaction. Results showed that the induction time, the reaction rate, and the limiting conversion of sheet molding compounds can be modified through the change of curing agents. The SMC resin with a higher concentration of low temperature initiator and molded at higher temperature may cure in a shorter period of time and reach a higher conversion. The shortened scorch time and shelf life can be balanced by adding small amount of inhibitor. Surface quality of molded SMC parts measured by solvent extraction process showed that limiting conversion is an important factor in SMC molding.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070407
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of polyester sheet molding compound. Part II: Theoretical modeling (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 250-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mechanistic kinetic and heat transfer model is used to describe the cure of sheet molding compounds (SMC). Kinetic parameters such as rate constant of initiator decomposition and rate constant of propagation are estimated from the induction time and the time to reach the peak exotherm of isothermal reaction curves measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Temperature and conversion profiles inside plate sections of SMC parts during molding are measured. The predicted results compare well with the experimental data except the limiting conversion. A set of predictive parameters are proposed from this model as guidelines for the optimal molding of SMC. Several moldability diagrams are also constructed which can be easily used to design the optimum SMC recipe for a given processing condition.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070408
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of resin injection molding in molds with preplaced fiber mats. II: Numerical simulation and experiments of mold filling (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 30-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This work presents the results of numerical simulation and experimental visualization of the mold filling process in resin injection molding with preplaced fiber mats. The mold filling experiments were conducted with various mat stacks consisting of continuous random glass fiber mats and bidirectional stitched glass fiber mats. The use of two different mat types in the mat stack created porosity and permeability variations. The effect of these permeability variations was studied by taking flow pressure measurements and observing the progress of the flow front of a non-reactive fluid filling a clear acrylic mold that contained the reinforcement mat stack. Numerical simulation corresponding to each experiment was also carried out. The numerical results were compared to the experimental measurements.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750120106
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber mat deformation in liquid composite molding. II: Modeling (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 14 (1993), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mathematical models are proposed to simulate the flow induced fiber mat deformation during liquid composite molding. The fiber bed is treated as an elastic beam and the load acting on the bed causes its deformation. The lubrication approximation is used to simplify the resin flow equation in the fiber free region, while Darcy's law is used to calculate the pressure and velocity fields in the deformed fiber bed. The governing equations are solved using the control volume/finite element method. The numerical results show reasonable agreement with the experimental results from Part I.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750140209
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical properties of transfer-molded polyurethane-polyester interpenetrating polymeric network (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 793-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyurethane-polyester simultaneous interpenetrating network (SIN) samples were prepared by a laboratory-scale transfer mold. The effect of compound composition and molding conditions on the tensile properties and crystallinity of molded parts was examined by using an Instron tensile tester and a Perkin-Elmer differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It was found that incomplete polymerization resulted in a poor tensile strength of 80°C-molded SIN. Postcure treatment and higher molding temperature increased the tensile strength of SIN by improving their limiting conversion and possibly the morphology. Results indicated that postcure was more efficient than molding at higher temperature for SIN samples with high polyurethane content. On the other hand, for SIN with higher polyester content, a high molding temperature resulted in better mechanical properties than postcuring the low-temperature molded samples. Both reaction sequence and cross-linking nature of the constituent polymers had a profound effect on the tensile properties of SIN.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330310
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a dilatometer and its application to low-shrink unsaturated polyester resins (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 37-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two dilatometers are presented here that were developed for the use with, but not limited to, low-shrink unsaturated polyester resins. One of the dilatometers, made from a glass syringe and two aluminum plates, was limited to lower pressures. The other dilatometer, similar in design to the first, was made from a hydraulic cylinder and was capable of pressures to 500 psi. The dilatometers were calibrated and tested by the polymerization of styrene. Several low-shrink unsaturated polyester resins were cured in the dilatometers and the results of these experiments are given. The interactions of volume change, rheology change, conversion, and microstructure formation were also measured. Finally, the effect of pressure was considered.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450105
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