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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranasal exposure to a damp building mould, Stachybotrys chartarum, induces lung inflammation in mice by satratoxin-independent mechanisms (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Stachybotrys chartarum is a damp building mould and a potent toxin producer that has been related to serious cases of respiratory health problems. However, the direct link between exposure and health symptoms has not been established.Objective To examine the mechanism by which exposure to spores of satratoxin producing and non-producing S. chartarum strains induce inflammatory responses in murine lungs.Methods BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed for 3 weeks to spores of a satratoxin-producing and a non-producing S. chartarum strain. Inflammatory cell infiltration was characterized from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in lung tissue was measured with real-time PCR. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was determined by whole-body plethysmography and serum antibody levels by ELISA.Results A dose-dependent increase in monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes was observed in BAL fluid after intranasal (i.n.) instillation of S. chartarum spores. There was no difference in the BAL between exposure to the satratoxin-producing and the non-producing strains. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was associated with an induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokine (CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β and CCL2/MCP-1) mRNA levels in the lungs. Interestingly, CXCL5/LIX was the only chemokine that showed significantly higher mRNA levels after exposure to the satratoxin-producing strain compared with the non-producing strain. MCh-induced bronchial responsiveness was not altered significantly after mould instillation. Moreover, no significant increase in total or specific IgE, IgG2a and IgG1 antibody levels were found after S. chartarum exposure.Conclusion These results indicate that lung inflammation induced by i.n. instillations of S. chartarum spores is regulated by the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leucocyte-attracting chemokines. The data also imply that S. chartarum-derived components, other than satratoxins, are mediating the development of this inflammatory response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01808.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors explaining the physical activity of young adults: the importance of early socialization (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: As a part of the large project Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns, the purpose of the present study was to examine how adult physical activity is influenced by early physical activity and current social and health-related factors. A total of 2411 children and adolescents aged 9, 12, 15 and 18 years were randomly selected from five university towns and their rural surroundings in 1980. They were followed up for 12 years by means of questionnaires. In 1992 they were 21, 24, 27 and 30 years old. The results showed that early physical activity and current social and health-related behaviours were significantly related to the level of adult physical activity. Multivariable analyses indicated that early physical activity, in particular, was the best predictor of adult physical activity in all groups, with the exception of the 21-year-old women. The social and health-related factors such as occupation, employment status and smoking also predicted physical activity in some age-gender groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00220.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of intense physical activity among 15- to 30-year-old Finns (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Previous studies have reported increasing trends in physical activity in the Finnish population. These reports have not, however, included the perspective of cardiorespiratory stress in adolecent and young adults. We examined the present patterns of physical activity among Finnish adolescents and young adults in 1992. We specifically assessed whether the young people experience the volume of physical activity that is believed to stress the cardiorespiratory system appropriately in order to increase the level of fitness. The subjects in the present study were participants of a large multicenter study of atherosclerosis precursors in children and young adults. Physical activity was measured with a self-administered questionnaire in 2255 adolescents and young adults (1015 males and 1240 females). The proportion of subjects undertaking the volume of physical activity believed to benefit the cardiorespiratory system appropriately was 19%. The proportion was higher in males than in females (26 vs. 13%). The proportion of active subjects became smaller in older age groups in both sexes. Half the study population (51% of the males; 48%) of the females) reported frequent leisure-time physical activity less than once a month. In conclusion, Finnish adolescents and young adults have low levels of physical activity on the average, and many young Finns seldom undertake the volume of physical activity believed to benefit the cardiopulmonary system. Young males seem to be physically more active than females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00068.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo relationship between collagenase-2 and interleukin-8 but not tumour necrosis factor-α in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The characteristic feature of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is eosinophilic inflammation of the sinus mucosa; a type of inflammation also seen in asthmatic airways. Similar histopathologic findings of airway remodelling are present in both diseases. Remodelling is tightly controlled by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Increase of collagenase-2 (MMP-8) expression in the bronchial epithelial cells has been described in asthmatic patients, but it has not been studied in CRSwNP.Methods:  The concentrations and degree of activation of MMP-8 were analysed by immunofluorometric assay and Western blotting, respectively, in sinus mucus samples from CRSwNP patients and in nasal lavages from healthy controls in relation to inductive cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Results:  Significantly elevated levels of MMP-8 and IL-8 but not TNF-α were found in CRSwNP patients relative to controls. In particular, the activation of mesenchymal-type MMP-8 but not polymorphonuclear-type MMP-8 was associated with elevated IL-8 levels.Conclusions:  The IL-8 and MMP-8 seemingly form an inductive cytokine-proteinase cascade in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Together they provide a target for novel therapies and a diagnostic tool for monitoring CRSwNP treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00888.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A double-blind group comparative study of ophthalmic sodium cromoglycate, 2% four times daily and 4% twice daily, in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a multicenter, double-blind, single-dummy, group-comparative study, 169 patients received ophthalmic sodium cromoglycate 2% four times daily, and 170 patients received 4% ophthalmic sodium cromoglycate twice daily, together with placebo eye-drops twice daily, for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) to birch pollen. The treatment period was 4 weeks during the birch pollen season. Daily pollen counts were used to identify the peak 14-d period. Clinical examinations were made before the start of treatment, after 1 week of treatment, and at the end of the treatment period. Patients kept daily diary record cards of eye symptom severity and concomitant therapy. Symptoms were generally mild and, except for chemosis (week 4) and soreness (weeks 2 and 3), which were less in the 4% group (P〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:01054538:ALL147:les" location="les.gif"/〉0.05), no significant treatment differences were seen for symptoms or for antihistamine rescue therapy. Both treatments were considered to be very or moderately effective by more than 90% of patients, and no treatment differences occurred in either clinicians’ or patients’ opinions of efficacy. The results indicate that the use of 4% sodium cromoglycate eye-drops twice daily is as effective and well tolerated as 2% sodium cromoglycate four times daily in the treatment of birch-pollen conjunctivitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00817.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Headspace of roasted ground coffee as an indicator of storage time
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Chemistry 36 (1990), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-8146
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(90)90097-N
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-decay of ^1^1^3Rh and the observation of ^1^1^3^mPd : Isomer systematics in odd-A palladium isotopes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 561 (1993), S. 416-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Radioactivity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(93)90019-T
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of changes in headspace volatiles of some coffee blends during storage
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Chemistry 43 (1992), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-8146
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90238-W
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditional composition (1995)
    Springer
    Formal aspects of computing 7 (1995), S. 683-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-299X
    Keywords: Function composition ; Exceptions ; Program semantics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Generalizing the notion of function composition, we introduce the concept ofconditional function composition and present a theory of such compositions. We use the theory to describe the semantics of a programming language with exceptions, and to relate exceptions to theIF statement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01211001
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay properties of neutron-deficient isotopes 256, 257Db, 255Rf, 252, 253Lr (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (2001), S. 57-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 23.60.+e Alpha decay – 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions – 25.85.Ca Spontaneous fission – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Isotopes of dubnium (element 105) with mass numbers A = 256, 257, and 258 were produced by the reaction 209Bi(50Ti,xn) 259-xDb (x = 1, 2, 3) at projectile energies of (4.59-5.08) AMeV. Excitation functions were measured for the 1n, 2n and 3n evaporation channels. The same position of the excitation function was observed for the 1n channel as for the previously measured 1n channel of the reaction 208Pb(50Ti,1n)257Rf. The measured α-decay data of 257Db and its daughter products resulted in the identification of α-decaying isomeric states in 257Db and 253Lr. Two new isotopes, 256Db and 252Lr, were produced at the highest bombarding energies of 4.97 AMeV and 5.08 AMeV. They were identified by delayed α-α coincidences. The measured half-lives are (1.6+0.5 -0.3) s for 256Db and (0.36+0.11 -0.07) s for 252Lr. Besides α-decay, a spontaneous fission activity of T 1/2 = (2.3+1.1 -0.6) s was observed and attributed to an electron-capture branch of 256Db, which feeds the fissioning nucleus 256Rf. A branching ratio of 0.36±0.12 was obtained. The isotope 255Rf was produced by the reaction 207Pb(50Ti,2n)255Rf. Improved decay data have been obtained by means of α- and α-γ spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500170039
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