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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barium enema and colonoscopy: appropriateness of utilization in a Medicaid population (1997)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 22 (1997), S. 41 -44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Barium enema—Colonoscopy—Practice patterns. [xm [fs99]
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To assess the appropriateness of utilization patterns for the barium enema and colonoscopy in a Medicaid population. Methods: From 1987 to 1991, a Medicaid managed-care database in Philadelphia revealed claims for a total of 2357 outpatient barium enemas and 896 outpatient colonoscopic examinations. The database was reviewed to determine the primary diagnostic (ICD-9-CM) codes assigned to patients who underwent these procedures. These codes were used as a proxy for indications. Each of the diagnostic codes for barium enema and colonoscopy was then classified either as appropriate, inappropriate, equivocal, or miscoded based on current guidelines in the medical literature. Results: A total of 1962 claims (83%) for barium enema were classified as appropriate, 126 (5%) as inappropriate, 84 (4%) as equivocal, and 185 (8%) as miscoded, whereas 645 claims (72%) for colonoscopy were classified as appropriate, 176 (20%) as inappropriate, 65 (7%) as equivocal, and 10 (1%) as miscoded. Thus, significantly more colonoscopic examinations were rated as inappropriate (p 〈 0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that more stringent criteria need to be used by physicians in ordering diagnostic examinations of the colon, particularly colonoscopy. Further investigation of the appropriateness of these procedures and the development and dissemination of guidelines seems warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900135
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastatic thyroid carcinoma presenting as an expansile intraluminal esophageal mass (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 20-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Esophagus neoplasms ; Esophagus metastasis from thyroid carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a patient with metastatic thyroid carcinoma invading the esophagus in whom barium and MR examinations revealed an expansile intraluminal mass indistinguishable from that of a primary esophageal malignancy. Metastatic thyroid carcinoma should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis of an expansile esophageal mass. As in our patient, MR imaging may be useful for showing that the mass originates in the thyroid gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199636
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Splenic implant in the jejunum: Radiographic and pathologic findings (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 518-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Splenosis ; Jejunum, neoplasms ; Post-splenectomy complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a patient in whom barium studies and computed tomography revealed an intramural mass in the jejunum that consisted pathologically of ectopic splenic tissue. Because the patient had a prior splenectomy, the lesion probably represented splenosis rather than an accessory spleen. When intramural lesions are detected on barium studies in patients who have had prior abdominal trauma or splenectomy,99mTc-tagged, heated-red blood cell scintigraphy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis, thereby eliminating the need for surgery in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256702
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug-induced disorders of the esophagus (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900431
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug-induced disorders of the stomach and duodenum (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900432
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual permeability in red cell ghost preparations (1970)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 3 (1970), S. 400-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868026
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of the intervals between neural impulses in the maintained discharges of retinal ganglion cells (1991)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 65 (1991), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simulated neural impulse trains were generated by a digital realization of the integrate-and-fire model. The variability in these impulse trains had as its origin a random noise of specified distribution. Three different distributions were used: the normal (Gaussian) distribution (no skew, normokurtic), a first-order gamma distribution (positive skew, leptokurtic), and a uniform distribution (no skew, platykurtic). Despite these differences in the distribution of the variability, the distributions of the intervals between impulses were nearly indistinguishable. These inter-impulse distributions were better fit with a hyperbolic gamma distribution than a hyperbolic normal distribution, although one might expect a better approximation for normally distributed inverse intervals. Consideration of why the inter-impulse distribution is independent of the distribution of the causative noise suggests two putative interval distributions that do not depend on the assumed noise distribution: the log normal distribution, which is predicated on the assumption that long intervals occur with the joint probability of small input values, and the random walk equation, which is the diffusion equation applied to a random walk model of the impulse generating process. Either of these equations provides a more satisfactory fit to the simulated impulse trains than the hyperbolic normal or hyperbolic gamma distributions. These equations also provide better fits to impulse trains derived from the maintained discharges of ganglion cells in the retinae of cats or goldfish. It is noted that both equations are free from the constraint that the coefficient of variation (CV) have a maximum of unity. The concluding discussion argues against the random walk equation because it embodies a constraint that is not valid, and because it implies specific parameters that may be spurious.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204659
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the variability of maintained discharges and responses to flashes of light (1991)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 65 (1991), S. 469-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies of the variability of firing of retinal ganglion cells have led to apparently contradictory conclusions. To a first approximation, maintained discharges derive their variability from a noise source that is linearly added to the signal setting the mean firing rate. On the other hand, the variability of responses to abrupt changes in lighting seems to result from a nonlinear interaction between signal and noise. In both the cat and the goldfish retinae, the variance of rate is a fractional power function of the mean response amplitude (impulses/s). The exponent of that power function depends on the duration of the period in which the response is sampled after each transition in luminance; longer durations have a larger exponent. These results are difficult to explain with any simple model. The variability of the maintained discharges also deviates from the predictions of simple additivity. We propose a model for the variability of responses to abrupt changes in lighting that incorporates variability of the form observed for maintained discharges. The parameters of our model that provide the best fits to the variability of responses also provide a reasonable fit to the variability of maintained discharges. Thus, a single explanation can account for the variability of maintained discharges and responses of ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204660
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some sensory and motor factors influencing the control and appreciation of eye and limb position (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spatial orientation ; Visual direction ; Motor control ; Tonic vibration reflex ; Myesthetic illusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Some aspects of the manner in which the central nervous system uses sensory information for the guidance of eye and arm movements were investigated. When subjects experience apparent motion of their restrained forearm, induced by vibration of their biceps muscle in the dark, they are able to pursue with their eyes at least part of this “motion” and to point with their nonvibrated limb to the apparent location of the vibrated arm. The presence of a small target light on the vibrated hand limits the extent of illusory change in limb position and results in illusory motion of the target light in the same direction as the arm motion. When asked to indicate the spatial position of the light or hand, subjects still point with their nonvibrated arm to the apparent locations. Although visual pursuit of the illusory motion of the forearm can still be elicited in the presence of the target light on the hand, the subjects' eyes remain steadily fixating the stationary target light when they are instructed to track its illusory motion. These findings demonstrate that sensory and motor factors affecting the perception of visual direction and the guidance of arm and eye movements can be differentially employed at several levels of central nervous control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238911
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distance-dependent interactions between the rod and the cone systems in goldfish retina (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 44 (1981), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rods ; Cones ; Interactions ; Retina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We recorded from ganglion cell axons in the optic tracts of self-respiring goldfish, and examined the interaction of rod-effective and cone-effective stimuli within their receptive fields. The summation of influences due to the rod system and the long wavelength sensitive cone system was analyzed by the methods of response-summation and sensitivity-summation. Different spatial relationships between the rod- and cone-effective stimuli allowed examination of distance-dependent effects. Both the response-summation and sensitivity-summation analyses showed a difference in non-linearity between a configuration in which the rod-and cone-effective stimuli were spatially overlapped and a configuration in which they were not. This difference in both analyses demonstrates a distance dependent interaction between the rod and cone systems. Both analyses also showed a difference in non-linearity between a configuration in which the rod- and cone-effective stimuli were nearby (but not overlapped) and one in which they were more distant. This demonstrates that the interaction is not limited to receptors that are immediate neighbors. An estimate of the strength of interaction in each case showed that the differences among the three configurations were relatively slight, indicating a broad spread of the effect. The interaction was found to be relatively powerful; assuming a specific simple model for the interaction mechanism, we found that each system exerts an effect upon the other which accounts for about 1/3 of its signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238828
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