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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Structural optimization 18 (1999), S. 67-73 
    ISSN: 0934-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In a finite element analysis (FEA), the contours of element von Mises stress and stiffness sensitivity number are found to be very similar. This paper shows there to be an equivalence between the von Mises stress criterion and the stiffness criterion for element elimination or addition in evolutionary structural optimization. The examples presented demonstrate the same resulting topologies during the evolving process using the two “different” criteria. The effect of numerical errors on topology is also investigated. It is concluded that the optimized topologies of a structure using the fully stressed criterion and the minimum compliance or maximum stiffness criterion are equivalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Cross-sensitization ; Lymphocyte transformation ; p-Phenylenediamine ; p-Aminophenol ; m-Phenylenediamine ; Color-developing agents ; Guinea pig ; Epidermal cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We evaluated cross-sensitization between p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) and p-aminophenol (pAP) or m-phenylenediamine (mPDA) by a modified lymphocyte transformation test. Guinea pigs were sensitized with pPDA using the maximization test procedure. Lymph node cells from the animals were then cultured with pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the presence or absence of epidermal cells (EC). Transformed lymphocyte counts were evaluated by means of 3H-thymidine uptake. Non-sensitized guinea pigs were used as controls. Blastogenesis in lymphocytes from sensitized guinea pigs was enhanced when cultured with pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the absence or presence of EC than without the sensitizers, and the extent of response depended on the concentration of pPDA, pAP or mPDA added to the cultures. Blastogenesis in lymphocytes from control animals was not significantly enhanced in response to pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the presence or absence of EC. The extent of the response to pPDA was greater than that to pAP, which in turn was greater than that to mPDA. In contrast, because pPDA, pAP and mPDA are color developing agents, cross-sensitization between pPDA and pAP or mPDA could not be evaluated by the results of an in vivo challenge due to pigmentation in the patch application sites. The results suggested that there is cross-sensitization between pPDA and pAP or mPDA, and that the modified lymphocyte transformation test is a useful predictive of detecting cross-sensitization among chemicals, especially for color developing agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 75.60.Jp ; 81.35.+k ; 68.55.Bg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of Co x Ag1−x (0 ≤x 〈 100 at.%) granular films were deposited onto glass substrates with the thickness on the order of 400 nm using the ion-beam cosputtering technique at different substrate temperatures. Systematical investigations were made on the Giant MagnetoResistance (GMR) effect and microstructures in these thin granular films. The magnetoresistance ratio strongly depends on cobalt concentration, substrate temperature, and the optimal value of GMR was observed in Co22Ag78 sample prepared at a temperature of 300 K. Microstructures of these films are closely related to the fabricating process, and thus influence the GMR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 415-421 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Clinical pharmacology ; Systolic time intervals ; dose effect relationship ; non-invasive method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Heart rate-corrected STI integrate and reflect changes in ventricular inotropy, preload and afterload. STI represent a global method for the evaluation of cardiovascular performance, provided very well controlled study designs, including positive and negative controls and strictly standardised conditions are followed. STI are accurate, economic, reproducable and are very sensitive. They represent a useful non-invasive tool in clinical pharmacology for assessing the influence of drugs, their dose-effect relationships, and the time course of their effects on the cardiovascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 61 (1998), S. 426-432 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Journal of metastable and nanocrystalline materials Vol. 23 (Jan. 2005), p. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1422-6375
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: By means of solid-state reactions method, ZnSnO3 nanoparticles were prepared in the reactions of ZnCl2 and SnCl4·5H2O with KOH in the presence of added KCl crystal, and were assembled into 3-D aggregates with tetragonal-like shape in the size range of 20-200 nm. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microstructures of the samples were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) in detail. Probable mechanisms for the formation of such tetragonal-like shape of ZnSnO3 3-D aggregates are proposed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 10-12 (Dec. 2007), p. 23-27 
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, a kind of product numbering system for single piece/small batchcustomization manufacturing and its process organization is put forward based on the current statusof Shenyang Heavy Machine Manufacture Group Co. Ltd. and the trends of advancedmanufacturing technology such as PDM/ERP etc. The numbering system developed includes allof relative public information data such as product order, design, process plan, manufacturing,marketing, consumer servicing and so on. A more favorable condition is created to realize theshare of relative information in the different departments of the company and to improve theresponse to the market
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 32 (Feb. 2008), p. 271-274 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A model based on the cellular automaton (CA) technique for the simulation ofsolidification microstructure has been developed. An improved solid fraction calculating method isused, in which the solid fraction of the interface unit is calculated by temperature compensationmethod combined with local equilibrium phase diagram. And then, a quadratic equation of solidfraction can be calculated according to the local temperature, solute concentration and curvature.The method avoids the assumption of the position and shape of solid/liquid interface. By using thismodel on A356 aluminium alloy, a dendrite growth process is simulated. The model can predict thefinal microstructure both grain size and grain morphology. It also predicts the Si concentrationdistribution in both solid and liquid phases
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 338-342 (May 2000), p. 181-184 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 137 (Apr. 1997), p. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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