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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 384 (1998), S. 151-165 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: temporary pools ; large branchiopods ; Drakensberg ; conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Drakensberg forms part of the Escarpment which separates the coastal plain from the inland plateau in southern Africa. This mountain range runs for about 400 km along the KwaZulu-Natal/Lesotho border and into the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Altitude ranges from 1500 to 3000 masl. Rock pools and tarns are the main type of temporary pool habitat in the Drakensberg. 90 different habitats were sampled over a four-year period and various physical and chemical characteristics of these pools are presented. Large branchiopods occurred in 26 of these habitats. Five Branchipodopsis and two Streptocephalus species composed the anostracan fauna, while Triops granarius was collected only from the summit of the Escarpment at one locality. Four genera of Spinicaudata are represented in the Drakensberg but the current state of the taxonomy of this group does not allow identification to species level. Absence of large branchiopods from a high percentage of temporary habitats could be attributed to predation or many pools may not be sufficiently ephemeral. Most pools were inhabited by a single species of large branchiopod. This could be a result of low levels of food resources in pools, as indicated by extremely low conductivities. Restricted food resources could also be the limiting factor in the distribution of Streptocephalus and Triops which are only found in pools with higher conductivities. Four of the five Branchipodopsis species are endemic to the Drakensberg pools. These habitats are also inhabited by a high diversity of ostracods and other micro-crustaceans. Most of the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg falls within conservation areas but the Lesotho and Free State localities could be threatened by future development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 471 (1980), S. 64-76 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Oxoplumbates(IV): Cs4[Pb04], a NesoplumbatHitherto unknown Cs4PbO4 (yellowish powder or yellowish transparent single crystals, respectively) has been prepared. The compound crystallizes monoclinic with a = 7.224 Å, b = 20.041 Å, c = 7.178 Å, β = 112.67°, Z = 4, space group P 21/c - C2h5 (single crystal data and Guinier-Simon powder photographs). For Cs4PbO4 we find R=Rw = 9.5% (1725 independent reflections). Parameter see text. There are isolated PbO4 tetrahedra, which are connected in a complicated way by mutual Cs+ ions. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energie, MAPLE, and Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these by means of Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, are calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde Cs4PbO4 (gelbliches Pulver bzw. gelbliche, wasserklare Einkristalle), das nach Einkristall- und Guinier-Simon-Daten monoklin kristallisiert mit a = 7,224 Å, b = 20,041 Å, c = 7,178 Å, β = 112,67°, Z = 4, Raumgruppe P 21/c - C2h5. Nach der Strukturaufklärung (Diffraktometerdaten, für 1725 unabhängige Reflexe R=Rw = 9,5%; Parameter s. Text) liegen „isolierte“ [PbO4]-Tetraeder vor, die in komplizierter Weise über gemeinsame Cs+ verknüpft werden. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, und Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, werden berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 437 (1977), S. 116-122 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the System K2O/PbO: The Crystal Structure of K2Pb2O3Orange-coloured single crystals of K2Pb2O3 crystallize by means of 4-circle-Diffractometer data (237 of 238 possible hkl, R = 5.99%, MoKα) cubic with a = 8.419 Å, Z = 4, in space group I213-T5, parameter see text. We find a superstructure of the perovskite type of structure, where, concerning the formula KPbO3/2, half of the O2- ions are omitted systematically, without loosing the 3-Dimensional arrangement of order. Pb2+ is surrounded by 3 K+ by 6 O2- and O2- by 2 Pb2+ and 4 K+. The Madelung Part of the Lattice Energy, MAPLE, and Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, are calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Orangefarbene Einkristalle von K2Pb2O3 kristallisieren nach 4-Kreis-Diffraktometer-Daten (237 von 238 möglichen hkl, R = 5,99%, Mo-Kα) kubisch mit a = 8,419 Å, Z = 4, in I213-T5, Parameter siehe Text. Es liegt überstruktur einer Perowskitvariante vor, bei der gemäß KPbO3/2 die Hälfte der O2- gesetzmäßig fehlen, ohne daß der 3-dimensionale Verband PbO3/2 verloren geht. Pb2+ ist von 3 K+ von 6 O2- umgeben, O2- von 2 Pb2+ und 4 K+. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, und Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, werden berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 437 (1977), S. 105-115 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of Li4[PbO4]Li4[PbO4] (colourless) crystallizes orthorhombic with a = 8.317, b = 7.301, c = 6.521 Å, Z = 4; space group Cmcm - D2817 (single crystal data and Guinier-Simon powder photographs). Parameters see text. The structure shows isolated [PbO4] tetrahedra, connected by Li+ ions (diffractometer data, 197 hk0 - hk4, Mo - Kα, R = 6.66%, R′ = 7.63%). The Madelung Part of the Lattice Energy, MAPLE, and Effective Coordinations Numbers, ECoN, are calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Li4[PbO4] (farblos) kristallisiert nach Einkristall- und Guinier-Simon-Daten orthorhombisch mit a = 8,317, b = 7,301, c = 6,521 Å, Z = 4, Raumgruppe Cmcm - D2h17. Parameter siehe Text. Nach der Strukturaufklärung (Diffraktometerdaten, 197 hk0 - hk4, Mo-Kα, R = 6,66%, R′ = 7,63%) liegen isolierte [PbO4]-Tetraeder vor, die über Li+ verknüpft sind. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE sowie Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, werden berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 438 (1978), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Oxoplumdat(II) with Island Structure: K4[PbO3]For the first time K4PbO3 has been prepared as colourless powder and transparent single crystals, respectively. K4PbO3 crystalizes orthorhombic, space group Pbca-D2h15, a = 6.543, b = 11.405, c = 18.709 Å, Z = 8. drö = 3.99, dpyk = 3.98. For 1040 independent reflextions we find R = 9.6%. Parameters see text. There are isolated PbO3 groups, with symmetry approximately C3v, which are ordered in a very complicated manner and connected by K+ ions forming layers. The Madelung Part of the Lattice Energy, MAPLE, and Effectiv Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these by means of Mean Fiktive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, are calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde K4PbO3, farbloses Pulver bzw. wasserklare Einkristalle, das orthorhombisch, a = 6,543 b = 11,4O5, c = 18,709 Å, Z = 8, Pbca-D2h15, drö = 3,99 und dpyk = 3,98 g · cm-3 kristallisiert. Für 1040 unabhängige Reflexe ist R = 9,6%. Parameter siehe Text. Es liegen „isolierte“[PbO3]-Gruppen, Symmetrie annähernd C3v, vor, die in komplizierter Weise zueinander angeordnet über gemeinsame K+ schichtartig verknüpft werden. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, und Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, werden berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 440 (1978), S. 81-104 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Oxoplumbates(II) A2PbO2 (A = K, Rb, Cs), with Binuclear Groups [OPbO2PbO]Unknown K2PbO2, Rb2PbO2 and Cs2PbO2 (yellowish powder, yellowish transparent single crystals, respectively) have been prepared, The compounds crystallize triclinic with a = 10.901 Å, b = 7.606 Å, c = 7.328 Å, α = 119.35°, β = 88.42°, γ =117,73°, (K2PbO2); a = 10.907 Å, b = 8.510 Å, c = 7.815 Å, α = 124.00°, β = 84.97°, γ = 120.68° (Rb2PbO2) and a = 11.644 Å, b = 8.905 Å, c = 8.040 Å, α = 123.32°, β = 85.70°, γ = 120.49° Z = 4, space group P1-C/i1. For K2PbO2 we find R = 8.65% and Rw = 9.32% (2283 independent reflections). Parameters see text. There are isolated [Pb2O4]groups, which are connected in a complicated way by mutual K+ ions forming layers. The Madelung Part of the Lattice Energy, MAPLE, and Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these by means of mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, are calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurden K2PbO2, Rb2PbO2 und Cs2PbO2, gelbliche Pulver bzw. gelbliche, wasserklare Einkristalle, die triklin mit a = 10,901 Å, b = 7,606 Å, c = 7,328 Å, α = 119,35°, β = 88,43°, γ =117,73°, (bei K2PbO2); a = 10,907 Å, b = 8,510 Å, c = 7,815 Å, α = 124,)0°, β = 84,97°, γ = 120,68° (bei Rb2PbO2) und a = 11,644 Å, b = 8,905 Å, c = 8,040 Å, α = 123,32°, β = 85,70°, γ = 120,49° (bei Cs2PbO2; Z = 4, in der Raumgruppe P1—Ci1 kristallisieren. Bei K2PbO2 ist für 2283 unabhängige Reflexe R = 8,65% und Rw = 9,32%. Parameter siehe Text. Es liegen „isolierte“[Pb2O4]-Baugruppen vor, die in komplizierter Weise über gemeinsame K+ schichtartig verknüpft werden. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, und Effektive Koordinatioszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, werden berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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